My and your (-ni, -si)

Possessive Suffixes: My and Your

In Finnish, ownership is often shown by attaching a possessive suffix directly to the end of the noun.

  • -ni means "my"
  • -si means "your"

For example, pää (head) becomes pääni (my head) or pääsi (your head).

My head is sore.
Pääni on kipeä.
Why is your head sore?
Miksi pääsi on kipeä?

You can attach these suffixes to any noun. Here are a few more examples using body parts:

My eye is green.
Silmäni on vihreä.
Your back is strong.
Selkäsi on vahva.

Stem Changes

When a noun ends in -i, its stem sometimes changes before you add a suffix.

For example, käsi (hand) changes its stem to käte-, making "my hand" käteni. Similarly, sormi (finger) changes to sorme-, making "your finger" sormesi.

My hand is small.
Käteni on pieni.
Your finger is on the picture.
Sormesi on kuvan päällä.

With Postpositions

You can also use these suffixes on nouns followed by postpositions, such as päällä (on).

The dog is sleeping on my leg.
Koira nukkuu jalkani päällä.

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