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### Forming Adjectives with *-inen*

Add the suffix *-inen* to a noun to turn it into an adjective. This is the most common way to describe what an object is made of.

- *muovi* (plastic) → *muovinen* (made of plastic)
- *kulta* (gold) → *kultainen* (golden)
- *lasi* (glass) → *lasinen* (made of glass)

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### Inflecting *-inen* Adjectives

Like all adjectives, those ending in *-inen* agree with the noun they modify in number and case. Before adding a case ending, the *-inen* suffix changes to the stem *-ise-*.

- **Genitive / Total Object:** Add *-n* (*-isen*).
- **Plural Nominative:** Add *-t* (*-iset*).
- **Plural Partitive:** The suffix becomes *-isia* or *-isiä*.

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### Everyday Materials

Common nouns like *metalli* (metal), *silkki* (silk), and *kivi* (stone) become adjectives this way.

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### Describing Physical Properties

The *-inen* suffix also describes environments or physical properties, such as *lumi* (snow) becoming *luminen* (snowy).

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Material and property adjectives (-inen)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
made of plastic	muovinen
golden	kultainen
This ring is not plastic, but golden.	Tämä sormus ei ole muovinen, vaan kultainen.
I know that that ring is golden.	Mä tiiän, et toi sormus on kultainen.
made of glass	lasinen
He gave me a glass cup yesterday.	Hän antoi minulle lasisen kupin eilen.
Is that cup made of glass?	Onko tuo kuppi lasinen?
We do not buy plastic items.	Me emme osta muovisia tavaroita.
Is that plastic chair expensive?	Onko tuo muovinen tuoli kallis?
made of leather	nahkainen
This new bag is made of leather.	Tämä uusi laukku on nahkainen.
The man carried the leather bag inside.	Mies kantoi nahkaisen laukun sisään.
made of metal	metallinen
The metal door is closed.	Metallinen ovi on kiinni.
Is that box metal or wooden?	Onko tuo laatikko metallinen vai puinen?
woolen	villainen
A woolen shirt is really warm in winter.	Villainen paita on todella lämmin talvella.
Are these socks woolen?	Ovatko nämä sukat villaiset?
made of cotton	puuvillainen
A cotton dress is comfortable in summer.	Puuvillainen mekko on mukava kesällä.
These cotton sheets are soft.	Nämä puuvillaiset lakanat ovat pehmeät.
silken	silkkinen
A silken scarf is a really expensive gift.	Silkkinen huivi on todella kallis lahja.
She has a beautiful silk shirt.	Hänellä on kaunis silkkinen paita.
made of stone	kivinen
The stone wall is old and strong.	Kivinen muuri on vanha ja vahva.
They walked over the stone bridge.	He kävelivät kivisen sillan yli.
snowy	luminen
A snowy yard is always beautiful.	Luminen piha on aina kaunis.
We waited for the bus at the snowy stop.	Me odotimme bussia lumisella pysäkillä.