Forming Adjectives with -inen
Add the suffix -inen to a noun to turn it into an adjective. This is the most common way to describe what an object is made of.
- muovi (plastic) → muovinen (made of plastic)
- kulta (gold) → kultainen (golden)
- lasi (glass) → lasinen (made of glass)
| This ring is not plastic, but golden. | Tämä sormus ei ole muovinen, vaan kultainen. |
Inflecting -inen Adjectives
Like all adjectives, those ending in -inen agree with the noun they modify in number and case. Before adding a case ending, the -inen suffix changes to the stem -ise-.
- Genitive / Total Object: Add -n (-isen).
- Plural Nominative: Add -t (-iset).
- Plural Partitive: The suffix becomes -isia or -isiä.
| The man carried the leather bag inside. | Mies kantoi nahkaisen laukun sisään. |
| These cotton sheets are soft. | Nämä puuvillaiset lakanat ovat pehmeät. |
| We do not buy plastic items. | Me emme osta muovisia tavaroita. |
Everyday Materials
Common nouns like metalli (metal), silkki (silk), and kivi (stone) become adjectives this way.
| Is that box metal or wooden? | Onko tuo laatikko metallinen vai puinen? |
| A silken scarf is a really expensive gift. | Silkkinen huivi on todella kallis lahja. |
| The stone wall is old and strong. | Kivinen muuri on vanha ja vahva. |
Describing Physical Properties
The -inen suffix also describes environments or physical properties, such as lumi (snow) becoming luminen (snowy).
| A snowy yard is always beautiful. | Luminen piha on aina kaunis. |
| We waited for the bus at the snowy stop. | Me odotimme bussia lumisella pysäkillä. |
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