To emphasize extreme or surprising degrees, Finnish uses the focus adverbs jopa (even) and edes (even). The one you choose depends on whether the sentence is affirmative or negative.
The Affirmative: jopa
In affirmative sentences, use jopa ("even"). Place it directly before the word or phrase you want to emphasize.
| The human body shocks even doctors. | Ihmiskeho järkyttää jopa lääkäreitä. |
| The human body can persevere even in a cold forest. | Ihmiskeho voi sinnitellä jopa kylmässä metsässä. |
| This exceptional achievement is even miraculous. | Tämä poikkeuksellinen saavutus on jopa ihmeellinen. |
The Negative: ei edes
In negative sentences, jopa cannot be used. Instead, combine the negative verb (en, et, ei, etc.) with edes to mean "not even". Place edes right before the emphasized word.
| Not even a professional is able to do this physical task. | Ei edes ammattilainen kykene tähän fyysiseen tehtävään. |
| Not even the human body survives without water. | Ei edes ihmiskeho selviydy ilman vettä. |
The negative verb conjugates as usual to match the subject (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät), whether it is emphasizing a noun or an action.
| He did not even get discouraged, because he has incredible mental power. | Hän ei edes lannistunut, koska hänellä on uskomaton henkinen voima. |
| We will not even get discouraged, but we will persevere. | Me emme edes lannistu, vaan sinnittelemme. |
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