Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Finnish

### Expressing specific years

When you want to state that something happened in a specific calendar year, you use the word **vuonna** (the essive case form of *vuosi*, meaning "in the year").

Unlike many other situations in Finnish where numbers must be inflected to match the noun they modify, the number following **vuonna** strictly stays in its basic, uninflected **nominative** form. Even for long compound numerals, you simply write the digits (or say the number in its dictionary form), and they remain in the nominative case.

{{item:971379}}

{{item:971383}}

### Timeline of milestones

Because the phrase **vuonna** + [year] acts as a self-contained time marker, it is incredibly useful for tracing timelines. You can use it to talk about historical events, inventions, and even predictions for the future.

{{item:971387}}

{{item:971390}}

{{item:971396}}

### Word order with "vuonna"

Like many time expressions in Finnish, the phrase **vuonna** + [year] is quite flexible. While it most commonly sits comfortably at the end of a sentence, you can also place it in the middle of a clause to shift the emphasis naturally.

{{item:971395}}

{{item:971399}}

Expressing specific years (vuonna)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
inventor	keksijä
to patent	patentoida
light bulb	hehkulamppu
The famous inventor patented the light bulb in the year 1880.	Kuuluisa keksijä patentoi hehkulampun vuonna 1880.
commercial	kaupallinen
The light bulb was a commercial success in the year 1880.	Hehkulamppu oli kaupallinen menestys vuonna 1880.
steam engine	höyrykone
The first commercial steam engine was built in the year 1712.	Ensimmäinen kaupallinen höyrykone rakennettiin vuonna 1712.
industrialization	teollistuminen
The steam engine was invented a long time ago, but industrialization truly began in the year 1760.	Höyrykone keksittiin kauan sitten, mutta teollistuminen alkoi todella vuonna 1760.
printing press	kirjapaino
The inventor invented the printing press in the year 1440.	Keksijä keksi kirjapainon vuonna 1440.
We believe that the printing press will change Europe in the year 1450.	Uskomme, että kirjapaino tulee muuttamaan Eurooppaa vuonna 1450.
vaccine	rokote
The doctor developed the first vaccine in the year 1796.	Lääkäri kehitti ensimmäisen rokotteen vuonna 1796.
The vaccine was so effective that the disease disappeared in the year 1980.	Rokote oli niin tehokas, että sairaus katosi vuonna 1980.
smartphone	älypuhelin
The first smartphone was published in the year 1992.	Ensimmäinen älypuhelin julkaistiin vuonna 1992.
operating system	käyttöjärjestelmä
This operating system was so fast in the year 2007 that everyone wanted a smartphone.	Tämä käyttöjärjestelmä oli vuonna 2007 niin nopea, että jokainen halusi älypuhelimen.
This new operating system will revolutionize the market in the year 2025.	Tämä uusi käyttöjärjestelmä tulee mullistamaan markkinat vuonna 2025.
Industrialization will change the whole world in the year 1900.	Teollistuminen tulee muuttamaan koko maailmaa vuonna 1900.
They patented the invention in the year 1990.	Ne patentoi keksinnön vuonna 1990.
They were so smart that they invented a new smartphone in the year 2010.	Ne oli niin fiksuja, et ne keksi uuden älypuhelimen vuonna 2010.
during	aikana
During the war the city was empty.	Sodan aikana kaupunki oli tyhjä.
During the night it rained a lot.	Yön aikana satoi paljon.

Contributors