Evaluating Relation with "nähden"
To express "relative to" or "in relation to", use the postposition nähden. Unlike most postpositions, nähden requires the preceding word to be in the illative case (the "into" case, usually ending in -Vn, -hVn, or -seen in the singular, and -iin or -ihin in the plural).
Notice how the illative case changes these nouns before adding nähden:
- resurssit (resources) → resursseihin
- panostus (effort) → panostukseen
- ennusteet (forecasts) → ennusteisiin
| Was the outcome good relative to the resources? | Oliko lopputulos hyvä resursseihin nähden? |
| The income was reasonable relative to the effort. | Tulot olivat kohtuulliset panostukseen nähden. |
| The growth was huge relative to the forecasts. | Kasvu oli valtava ennusteisiin nähden. |
Describing Outcomes
Pair this structure with adjectives like vaatimaton (modest), kohtuullinen (reasonable), or valtava (huge) to evaluate a project's success.
| The result is modest relative to the economic forecasts. | Tulos on vaatimaton talouden ennusteisiin nähden. |
| Was the course expensive relative to the quality? | Oliko kurssi kallis laatuun nähden? |
| The duration of the project is reasonable relative to the outcome. | Projektin kesto on kohtuullinen lopputulokseen nähden. |
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