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Finnish

### Comparisons Using the Partitive Case

When comparing two things in Finnish, you can use the word *kuin* (than). A common and efficient alternative is to drop *kuin* entirely and put the standard of comparison—the thing you are comparing against—into the **partitive case**.

This structure typically follows this word order:
**Subject + *on* + Partitive Noun + Comparative Adjective**

Notice how *lehmä* (cow) becomes *lehmää* in the partitive case to mean "than the cow":

{{item:917907}}

### Questions and Negative Comparisons

This comparison structure works exactly the same way in questions. To ask a yes/no question, start the sentence with *onko* (is):

{{item:917908}}

{{item:917911}}

To make a negative comparison, simply replace *on* with the negative verb *ei ole* (is not):

{{item:917920}}

Comparisons with the partitive

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
horse	hevonen
cow	lehmä
The horse is faster than the cow.	Hevonen on lehmää nopeampi.
Is the cow heavier than the horse?	Onko lehmä hevosta painavampi?
goat	vuohi
sheep	lammas
The goat is wiser than the sheep.	Vuohi on lammasta viisaampi.
The sheep is often cleaner than the goat.	Lammas on usein vuohta puhtaampi.
rabbit (domestic)	kani
duck	ankka
The rabbit is softer than the duck.	Kani on ankkaa pehmeämpi.
The duck is louder than the rabbit.	Ankka on kania äänekkäämpi.
donkey	aasi
stubborn	itsepäinen
The donkey is more stubborn than the horse.	Aasi on hevosta itsepäisempi.
The pig is not more stubborn than the donkey.	Sika ei ole aasia itsepäisempi.
goose	hanhi
useful	hyödyllinen
The goose is more useful than the duck.	Hanhi on ankkaa hyödyllisempi.
That cow is more useful than the goose.	Tuo lehmä on hanhea hyödyllisempi.
The farmer must feed the rabbit and the goose.	Isännän on ruokittava kani ja hanhi.
This dog is smarter than the goat.	Tämä koira on vuohta fiksumpi.
Is the donkey slower than the pig?	Onko aasi sikaa hitaampi?