Word
همکارم پروندهاش را تکمیل کرده، به مدیر داد.
Meaning
My colleague completed his file and gave it to the manager.
Part of speech
sentence
Pronunciation
Course
Lesson
Breakdown of همکارم پروندهاش را تکمیل کرده، به مدیر داد.
پروندهparvande
file
بهbe
to
دادنdâdan
to give
همکارhamkâr
colleague
Questions & Answers about همکارم پروندهاش را تکمیل کرده، به مدیر داد.
How does takmil kardeh mean 'completed and' if there is no word for 'and' here?
This sentence uses a past participle to chain actions together. Instead of saying takmil kard va dād (completed and gave), we put the first verb into the past participle form kardeh and skip the word for 'and'. The tense and person are understood from the final verb, dād (he/she gave).
Since the final verb is dād (gave), how do we know who did the completing?
When linking verbs like this, both actions share the same subject. Because the final verb dād is in the third-person singular (he/she gave), we know the same person (the colleague) also did the completing.
Why is the direct object marker ra placed right after parvandeh-ash?
The word ra must immediately follow the specific noun it applies to. Here, it marks parvandeh-ash (his/her file) as the direct object of the verb takmil kardeh (completed), so it sits right next to the noun phrase.
Does the possessive ending -ash in parvandeh-ash refer to the colleague or the manager?
It refers to the colleague's own file. In Farsi, attached possessive pronouns like -ash naturally refer back to the main subject of the sentence (the colleague) unless the context makes it obvious they belong to someone else.