Learn Farsi: دوشنبه دوستم می‌آید.

In Farsi, you do not need a preposition like 'on' when talking about days of the week. You can just put دوشنبه at the start of the sentence to mean on Monday.

Where is the word for 'my' in this sentence?

Farsi usually shows possession by attaching a small suffix to the end of a noun instead of using a separate word. Here, the suffix م is added to the word دوست to make دوستم which means my friend.

Why is the verb placed at the very end?

Farsi has a different word order than English. The verb almost always goes at the very end of the sentence. In this case, the subject دوستم comes right before the verb می‌آید.

How do we know the verb means 'is coming' and not just 'comes'?

The prefix می added to the start of a present tense verb can mean both a general habit (comes) and an action happening right now or in the near future (is coming). You use the context of the sentence to know which one makes the most sense.