Breakdown of بدون گواهینامه نمیتوان رانندگی کرد.
توانستنtavânestan
to be able to
رانندگی کردنrânandegi kardan
to drive
بدونbedun-e
without
گواهینامهgavâhinâme
driver's license
Questions & Answers about بدون گواهینامه نمیتوان رانندگی کرد.
Why doesn't ne-mi-tavân have a personal ending like "-am" or "-i"?
ne-mi-tavân is an impersonal modal meaning "one cannot" or "it is not possible to". Because it expresses a general rule that applies to everyone, it doesn't take personal endings. It is the negative form of mi-tavân (one can).
Why is the verb at the end kard and not kardan or mikonam?
This sentence uses the impersonal modal ne-mi-tavân. In Farsi, impersonal modals must be followed by a "short infinitive". You create a short infinitive by dropping the final -an from the full infinitive. Here, the compound verb rânandegi kardan (to drive) loses its -an to become rânandegi kard.
Do I need to pronounce an ezâfe (the connecting "e" sound) after bedun?
Yes, you do! The preposition bedun (without) needs an ezâfe to connect it to the noun that follows it. You should pronounce this phrase as bedun-e gavâhinâme.
What does the word gavâhinâme literally translate to?
It is a compound word made of gavâhi (testimony or proof) and nâme (letter or document). While it can mean a general certificate or diploma, in everyday Farsi it is the standard word for a driver's license.
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