Breakdown of گذرنامهی دوست شما اینجا نیست.
شما
you (plural)
دوستdust
friend
اینجاinjâ
here
بودنbudan
to be
گذرنامهgozarnâme
passport
Questions & Answers about گذرنامهی دوست شما اینجا نیست.
How do we form the 'your friend's passport' possession chain here?
Farsi uses an Ezafe chain, linking the nouns with an 'of' relationship. گذرنامهی دوست شما literally translates to 'passport of friend of you'. You just string them together: item + first owner + second owner.
Why is there a ی attached to the end of گذرنامه (passport)?
گذرنامه ends in a silent 'h' that makes an 'e' sound. When a word ends in a vowel sound, the Ezafe particle changes from a simple '-e' sound to a '-ye' sound to make it easier to say. In writing, this is shown by adding the letter ی.
Why isn't there a ی between دوست (friend) and شما (you)?
Because دوست ends in a consonant ('t' sound). It still gets connected to شما with an Ezafe to mean 'friend of you' (your friend), but we use the standard '-e' sound. This standard Ezafe isn't usually written out in the Farsi alphabet, so it remains invisible.
Why does the sentence put نیست (is not) at the very end?
In Farsi, verbs almost always go at the very end of the sentence. So instead of saying 'is not here' like in English, we say 'here is not' (اینجا نیست).
Learn گذرنامهی دوست شما اینجا نیست and more in Farsi
All course content and exercises are completely free — no paywalls, no trial periods, no signup needed.
- ✓ Practice with interactive exercises
- ✓ Track your progress with spaced repetition
- ✓Learn at your own pace — completely free