Learn Farsi: اینان دانشجوی استادند. - These people are the professor's students.

While both inhâ and inân mean "these", inân is used almost exclusively for people. Inhâ is more flexible and can be used for people, animals, or objects. You'll also find that inân sounds a bit more formal or literary.

Why is dâneshju (student) in the singular form if the English translation says "students"?

In Farsi, when you have a plural subject like inân (these people), the noun describing them doesn't have to be pluralized. The plural verb ending at the end of the sentence already makes it clear that we are talking about multiple people, so Farsi often leaves the predicate noun in its singular form.

Why is there a "ye" sound added to the end of dâneshju?

That is the ezâfe connector, which links "student" to "professor" to show possession (the student of the professor). Normally, the ezâfe is just an "-e" sound, but because dâneshju ends in a vowel, a "y" is added to bridge the sounds smoothly, making it dâneshju-ye.

Where is the verb "are" in this sentence?

The verb "are" is the suffix -and attached to the very end of the sentence. In Farsi, the short forms of the verb "to be" act as suffixes attached directly to the last word of the phrase. So, ostâd-and literally translates to "[the] professor-are".