Forming Ordinal Numbers
To form ordinal numbers (like "second" or "third"), add the suffix ـم to the standard number.
- دو (two) becomes دوم (second)
- سه (three) becomes سوم (third)
- چهار (four) becomes چهارم (fourth)
- پنج (five) becomes پنجم (fifth)
The word for "first" is an exception. It is most commonly اول.
Placing Ordinals After the Noun
These ordinal numbers act like regular adjectives. They come after the noun and are linked to it using the Ezafe connector.
Noun + Ezafe + Ordinal Number
| The first semester is very hard. | ترم اول خیلی سخت است.term-e avval kheyli sakht ast |
| The second chapter is longer than the first chapter. | فصل دوم طولانیتر از فصل اول است.fasl-e dovom tulâni-tar az fasl-e avval ast. |
Notice how the unseen Ezafe links the noun directly to the ordinal number. Here are a few more examples:
| You start the third stage. | شما مقطع سوم را شروع میکنید.shomâ maghta'-e sevvom râ shoru' mikonid. |
| I start the fourth course. | من دورهی چهارم را شروع میکنم.man dowre-ye chahârom râ shoru' mikonam. |
| Where is the fifth section of the book? | بخش پنجم کتاب کجاست؟bakhsh-e panjom ketâb kojâst? |
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