The Independent "To Be" Verb
In Farsi, the verb بودن (to be) has a set of standalone, independent forms in the present tense. We use these independent forms primarily to express existence or location—stating that something exists or telling someone where it is.
Here are the independent forms:
| Pronoun | Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| من | هستم | I am |
| تو | هستی | You are (singular/informal) |
| او / آن | هست | He / she / it is |
| ما | هستیم | We are |
| شما | هستید | You are (plural/formal) |
| آنها | هستند | They are |
Describing Location
To describe where someone or something is, pair these verbs with location words like اینجا (here) and آنجا (there). Remember that the verb always goes at the very end of the sentence.
| I am here. | من اینجا هستم.man injâ hastam. |
| They are there. | آنها آنجا هستند.ânhâ ânjâ hastand. |
| The car is here. | ماشین اینجا هست.mâshin injâ hast. |
More Specific Locations
You can also use prepositions like داخل (inside), بیرون (outside), and روی (on) to be more precise. Notice how the preposition comes right before the noun it describes.
| The book is on the table. | کتاب روی میز هست.ketâb ru-ye miz hast. |
| You are inside the school. | تو داخل مدرسه هستی.to dâkhel-e madrese hasti. |
| We are outside. | ما بیرون هستیم.mâ birun hastim. |
| You are inside the car. | شما داخل ماشین هستید.shomâ dâkhel-e mâshin hastid. |
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