Resumptive pronoun 'het' (ik ben het)

At the Lineup

First, let's set the scene at a police lineup (de confrontatie).

the lineup
de confrontatie
She could point out the man behind the window pane without him seeing her.
Zij kon de man achter de ruit aanwijzen, zonder dat hij haar zag.

The Resumptive Pronoun het

When answering a question like "Are you the victim?", English speakers typically reply, "Yes, I am." Dutch doesn't leave the sentence empty; instead, it uses the pronoun het (it) to represent the previously mentioned noun phrase. You literally say, "Yes, I am it."

Are you the victim of the robbery? Yes, I am.
Ben jij het slachtoffer van de overval? Ja, ik ben het.
Is this man the robber? Yes, he is.
Is deze man de overvaller? Ja, hij is het.

This applies to negative statements as well. Use het to refer back to the noun even when denying it.

Everyone thought he was the robber, but he wasn't at all.
Iedereen dacht dat hij de overvaller was, maar hij was het helemaal niet.

Replacing Adjectives

This same rule applies to adjectives. When confirming or denying a description, use het instead of repeating the adjective. You will often see this structure with linking verbs like zijn (to be) and lijken (to seem).

People thought that the accomplice was violent, and he was too.
Men dacht dat de handlanger gewelddadig was, en hij was het ook.
Although the suspect seemed violent, he was not.
Hoewel de verdachte gewelddadig leek, was hij het niet.
The thief in the cell was aggressive, and the accomplice was too.
De dief in de cel was agressief, en de handlanger was het ook.

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