Learn Danish: Kødet er for salt. - The meat is too salty.

Yes, it often does. But when placed directly before an adjective like salt, the word for means 'too' or 'excessively'. So for salt means 'too salty'.

Kødet is an et word (neuter). Shouldn't the adjective salt get a -t at the end?

Normally, yes! Adjectives describing et words usually get a -t added to them. However, because the adjective salt already ends in a -t, we do not add another one. The neuter form stays exactly the same as the base form.

In English, we change the noun 'salt' to the adjective 'salty'. How do we do that in Danish?

In Danish, the noun for salt and the adjective for salty are exactly the same word: salt. You can tell it is an adjective here because it describes the meat and comes right after the phrase er for (is too).