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Danish

### Compound present participles

In Danish, you can create evocative, descriptive adjectives by combining a noun with a present participle (a verb ending in *-ende*, equivalent to the English *-ing*). 

In these compounds, the noun acts as the direct object of the verb. For instance, *tanke* (thought) + *vækkende* (waking/provoking) forms *tankevækkende* (thought-provoking). This is a highly effective way to characterize people, situations, and dramatic events in vivid detail.

Because these are formed from present participles, their endings are invariable. They will always end in *-ende* and do not change to match the gender or number of the noun they describe.

### Emotional and practical impact

Many of these compound adjectives describe how something deeply affects your mind, emotions, or schedule. 

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### Innovation and attention

You can also use object incorporation to describe things that are new, vital, or highly visible. Notice how the direct object relationship works: a *banebrydende* (groundbreaking) technology is literally "path-breaking," and an *opsigtsvækkende* (attention-grabbing) article "wakes up" attention.

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### Dramatic and extreme traits

For intense, visual, or extreme situations, these compounds add a lot of drama. A *grænseoverskridende* action literally "crosses a boundary" (often translated as inappropriate or intrusive), and a *halsbrækkende* speed is "neck-breaking."

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Compound present participles

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Personal Hygiene

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Question	Answer
thought-provoking	tankevækkende
Since the movie was very thought-provoking, we discussed it for a long time.	Eftersom filmen var meget tankevækkende, diskuterede vi den længe.
It is thought-provoking to read her story.	Det er tankevækkende at læse hendes historie.
heartbreaking	hjerteskærende
The man's story is simply heartbreaking.	Mandens historie er simpelthen hjerteskærende.
It was a heartbreaking situation since he lost everything.	Det var en hjerteskærende situation eftersom han mistede alt.
time-consuming	tidsrøvende
The cleaning is often called time-consuming.	Rengøringen bliver ofte kaldt tidsrøvende.
I would like to avoid a time-consuming conflict.	Jeg vil gerne undgå en tidsrøvende konflikt.
groundbreaking	banebrydende
The researcher's new discovery is completely groundbreaking.	Forskerens nye opdagelse er helt banebrydende.
The groundbreaking technology is recommended by the expert.	Den banebrydende teknologi bliver anbefalet af eksperten.
life-affirming	livsbekræftende
It is life-affirming to sing in the choir.	Det er livsbekræftende at synge i koret.
The girl's smile was incredibly life-affirming.	Pigens smil var utrolig livsbekræftende.
attention-grabbing	opsigtsvækkende
The newspaper wrote an attention-grabbing article about the scandal.	Avisen skrev en opsigtsvækkende artikel om skandalen.
The result of the investigation was very attention-grabbing.	Resultatet af undersøgelsen var meget opsigtsvækkende.
terrifying	frygtindgydende
The lion looked very terrifying.	Løven så meget frygtindgydende ud.
He told a terrifying story about a ghost.	Han fortalte en frygtindgydende historie om et spøgelse.
eye-catching	iøjnefaldende
Her red dress was very eye-catching at the party.	Hendes røde kjole var meget iøjnefaldende til festen.
The big mistake in the report is eye-catching.	Den store fejl i rapporten er iøjnefaldende.
boundary-crossing	grænseoverskridende
The customer's behavior was very boundary-crossing.	Kundens opførsel var meget grænseoverskridende.
It is boundary-crossing to read her messages.	Det er grænseoverskridende at læse hendes beskeder.
breakneck	halsbrækkende
The cyclist rode with a breakneck speed.	Cykelrytteren kørte med en halsbrækkende hastighed.
It was a breakneck attempt, but it succeeded.	Det var et halsbrækkende forsøg, men det lykkedes.