Two ways to say because
Fordi starts a subordinate clause, so ikke comes before the verb. for joins two main clauses, so the word order stays the same as in any main clause:
| fordi | Han kommer ikke fordi han ikke har tid. |
| for | Han kommer ikke, for han har ikke tid. |
| He is not coming, because he does not have time. | Han kommer ikke, for han har ikke tid. |
For always comes second — it cannot start the sentence.
So
Så joins a cause to its result, also with main-clause order:
| It is raining, so we are staying at home. | Det regner, så vi bliver hjemme. |
Otherwise
ellers is an adverb: the verb comes straight after it.
| Hurry, otherwise you will be late. | Skynd dig, ellers kommer du for sent. |
And sagen — the matter — opens many explanations: Sagen er at jeg ikke har penge.
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