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Croatian

### Expressing Quantities

In Croatian, when you describe a quantity of something—like a "box of coffee" or a "liter of water"—the substance being measured takes the **genitive case**. This works like the word "of" in English.

### The Feminine Genitive Singular (-e)

For regular feminine nouns (which usually end in **-a**), form the genitive singular by replacing the **-a** with **-e**.

- **kava** (coffee) becomes **kave** (of coffee)
- **voda** (water) becomes **vode** (of water)
- **torta** (cake) becomes **torte** (of cake)

When these phrases are the object of a verb, the container word takes the accusative case (e.g., **kutija** becomes **kutiju**), but the substance inside takes the genitive case (**kave**).

{{item:1000847}}

When asking for liquids, you might use a liter (**litra**). Notice that masculine nouns, like **sok** (juice), take a different ending (**-a**) in the genitive:

{{item:1000849}}

### Food and Containers

You will frequently use the genitive case when talking about food. For example, a bowl (**zdjelu**, accusative) of pasta (**tjestenine**, genitive):

{{item:1000852}}

Here are more examples using a slice (**kriška**) and a spoon (**žlica**):

{{item:1000854}}

{{item:1000857}}

### Bags and Cubes

This same pattern applies to other measurements, like a bag (**vrećica**) of salad or a cube (**kocka**) of chocolate:

{{item:1000859}}

{{item:1000861}}

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Plural instrumental nouns (-ima, -ama)

Question	Answer
box	kutija
I do not have a box of coffee.	Nemam kutiju kave.
liter	litra
I want a liter of water and a glass of juice.	Želim litru vode i čašu soka.
bowl	zdjela
pasta	tjestenina
The cook needs a bowl of pasta.	Kuhar treba zdjelu tjestenine.
slice	kriška
I can eat a slice of cake.	Mogu jesti krišku torte.
spoon	žlica
rice	riža
There is only a spoonful of rice in the bowl.	U zdjeli je samo žlica riže.
bag (plastic or paper)	vrećica
I need a bag of salad and a box of rice.	Trebam vrećicu salate i kutiju riže.
cube	kocka
The child is eating a square of chocolate.	Dijete jede kocku čokolade.
tomato	rajčica
I want a slice of tomato and a piece of cheese.	Želim krišku rajčice i komad sira.
We have a liter of milk, but we do not have water.	Imamo litru mlijeka, ali nemamo vode.
Who is eating a plate of pasta?	Tko jede tanjur tjestenine?
The father is carrying a bag of pasta and a box of tea.	Otac nosi vrećicu tjestenine i kutiju čaja.
Do you want a bowl of soup?	Želite li zdjelu juhe?
Do you want a sugar cube and a spoonful of coffee?	Želiš li kocku šećera i žlicu kave?
The color of the tomato is red.	Boja rajčice je crvena.
knife	nož
The knife is on the table.	Nož je na stolu.
I need a knife and a spoon.	Trebam nož i žlicu.
This knife is not clean.	Ovaj nož nije čist.
fork (cutlery)	vilica
The fork is on the table.	Vilica je na stolu.
I need a fork and a knife.	Trebam vilicu i nož.

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