Questions & Answers about بحسب القاعدة، نضع الكرتون هنا.
Why is بحسب used here instead of حسبما, and what case does القاعدة take?
We use بحسب (or حسب) because it is followed by a noun, القاعدة. This preposition places the noun into the genitive case (majrur), so it is pronounced القاعدةِ (al-qa'idati). You would only use حسبما if a verb or verbal clause immediately followed.
Is there any grammatical difference between using بحسب (bi-hasabi) and just حسب (hasaba)?
They are virtually identical in meaning and both translate to 'according to' or 'depending on'. Adding the preposition بـ makes بحسب slightly more formal or emphatic, but both are highly interchangeable in this sentence and both force the following noun into the genitive case.
What is the root of the verb نضع (we put), and why does it look like it is missing a letter?
The root is و ض ع. Because it is an assimilated verb (a verb that starts with a واو), that first root letter drops out entirely in the Form I present tense. So instead of 'nawda'u', we say نضع (nada'u).
Does the loanword الكرتون (cardboard) take regular Arabic case endings?
Yes, even though it is a borrowed word, الكرتون is fully integrated into Arabic grammar. Because it is the direct object of the verb نضع, it takes the accusative case ending (fatha) and is pronounced الكرتونَ (al-kartuna).