Breakdown of أوصى بتركته لأصدقائه.
صديقsadîq
friend
هhu
his / him (object) / it (dummy pronoun after لأن)
لli
for, to (attached)
تركةtarika
estate
أوصى بawsâ bi
to bequeath
Questions & Answers about أوصى بتركته لأصدقائه.
How does the verb أوصى work with prepositions in this sentence?
The verb أوصى (to bequeath, recommend, or advise) often takes two prepositions depending on context. Here, it takes بـ for the thing being bequeathed (بتركته, his estate) and لـ for the recipient (لأصدقائه, to his friends).
Is the word for estate (تركة) related to the verb for leaving something behind?
Yes! تركة (tarika) comes from the root ت - ر - ك, which is the same root for the verb ترك (to leave). An estate is quite literally what someone leaves behind after they pass away.
Why is the hamza in لأصدقائه written on a seat like a yaa (ئ) instead of sitting on the line?
The spelling of a middle hamza depends on its vowel and the vowel before it. Because of the preposition لـ, the word is in the genitive case (majrur), giving the hamza a kasra. A kasra is the strongest vowel in Arabic spelling rules, so it forces the hamza to sit on a nabira (a tooth or undotted yaa: ئ). If it were in the nominative case, it would be أصدقاؤه.
Why do the pronoun suffixes at the end of both بتركته and لأصدقائه take a kasra instead of a damma?
The standard masculine possessive suffix is ـهُ (-hu). However, Arabic applies a vowel harmony rule: if the letter right before the suffix has a kasra (i) or is a yaa (y), the suffix changes to ـهِ (-hi) for ease of pronunciation. Since both words are in the genitive case and end in a kasra (بتركتِـ and لأصدقائـِ), the suffix becomes ـهِ.
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