Breakdown of أقرت اللجنة اللائحة، بيد أن تقليص الرواتب مرفوض.
الal
the
راتبrâtib
salary
مرفوضmarfûd
rejected
لجنةlajna
committee
أقرaqarra
to pass (a law), to approve
بيد أنbayda anna
however / nevertheless
لائحةlâ'iḥa
regulation
تقليصtaqlîs
reduction
Questions & Answers about أقرت اللجنة اللائحة، بيد أن تقليص الرواتب مرفوض.
How does بيد أن affect the grammar of the sentence that follows it?
بيد أن acts like one of the "sisters of إن" (Inna and her sisters) because it ends in أن. This means it forces the noun immediately following it into the accusative case. Here, the noun تقليص (reduction) takes an accusative ending (تقليصَ), while the predicate مرفوض (rejected) remains nominative (مرفوضٌ).
Does the word بيد have a literal meaning, and can I use it on its own without أن?
Literally, it looks like بِـ (with/by) plus يَد (hand), meaning "by the hand of." However, it has evolved into a fixed formal idiom. In Modern Standard Arabic, you will almost exclusively see it used as the set phrase بيد أن (followed by a noun or an attached pronoun suffix) to mean "however" or "nevertheless."
Why doesn't the word for "salaries" (الرواتب) take an accusative ending, since it is part of the subject following أن?
The phrase تقليص الرواتب (the reduction of salaries) is an Idafa (possessive construction). The particle أن only affects the grammatical case of the first word in the Idafa (the mudaf), which is تقليص. The second word, الرواتب, must take the genitive case (الرواتبِ) because it is the possessor (mudaf ilayh), regardless of what comes before the Idafa.
What is the root and pattern of the word تقليص (reduction)?
It comes from the root ق-ل-ص and follows the تَفْعيل pattern. This is the standard verbal noun (masdar) pattern for Form II verbs. The Form II verb here is قَلَّصَ (to reduce or shrink), similar to how تَدْريس (teaching) comes from دَرَّسَ.
What grammatical form is the word مرفوض (rejected)?
It is a passive participle (ism maf'ul) derived from the Form I root ر-ف-ض. It follows the standard Form I passive pattern مَفْعول, just like مَكْتوب (written) or مَفْهوم (understood).
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