Learn Arabic (Modern Standard): سوف نسافر إلى مصر في العطلة.

Both سوف and the prefix سـ are used to talk about the future. They are mostly interchangeable, but سوف is a separate word often used for the slightly more distant future, while سـ attaches directly to the front of the verb for the near future. Both are completely correct here!

Since the sentence is in the future tense, why does the verb نسافر look like a present tense verb?

In Arabic, the future tense is formed simply by putting a future marker like سوف or سـ directly in front of a present tense verb. The word سوف does all the heavy lifting to change the meaning of نسافر from 'we travel' to 'we will travel'.

Where is the Arabic word for 'we' in this sentence?

The 'we' is built right into the verb نسافر. In the present tense, the prefix نـ at the beginning of the verb tells us the subject is 'we'. You do not need to include the separate pronoun نحن (we) unless you want to add special emphasis.

Why doesn't the word for Egypt, مصر, have the word 'the' (ال) attached to it?

In Arabic, most names of countries and cities are already considered specific, or definite. Just like in English, we say 'to Egypt' rather than 'to the Egypt', so مصر does not need the ال prefix.