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Being able to accurately describe the human body is essential for everyday situations, whether you are explaining your symptoms to a doctor or getting clothes tailored. In this lesson, we will expand your vocabulary to cover key features of the torso and the face.

### Overall Appearance: Skin and Complexion

When describing someone's complexion or skin, use **بشرة** (skin/complexion). If someone looks unwell, you might describe their face as **شاحب** (pale).

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### The Torso

Key torso vocabulary includes **بطن** (abdomen) and **خصر** (waist). You will often see these used alongside general words like **ظهر** (back) when discussing physical fitness, tailoring, or aches and pains.

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### The Face and Head

Important terms to know for the face are **جبين** (forehead), **خد** (cheek), **شفة** (lip), and **رمش** (eyelash). For the mouth and neck area, use **لسان** (tongue) and **حنجرة** (throat).

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The Human Body: Torso and Face

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
pale	شاحبshâhib
The doctor examined the patient whose face is pale.	فحص الطبيب المريضة الشاحب وجهها.fahasa attabibu almaridata ashshahiba wajhuha
the abdomen	بطنbatn
I feel severe pain in my abdomen after dinner.	أشعر بألم شديد في بطني بعد العشاء.ash'uru bi'alamin shadidin fi batni ba'da al'ashâ'i
the skin (complexion)	بشرةbashara
Her skin is very soft like silk.	بشرتها ناعمة جدا كالحرير.basharatuhâ nâ'imatun jiddan kal-harîr
the waist	خصرkhasr
The tailor took my waist measurement to make the new trousers.	أخذ الخياط مقاس خصري كي يصنع البنطال الجديد.akhadha al-khayyâtu maqâsa khasrî kay yasnaa al-bantâla al-jadîda
the tongue	لسانlisân
Open your mouth and put out your tongue, please.	افتح فمك وأخرج لسانك لو سمحت.iftah famaka wa akhrij lisânaka law samaht.
the cheek	خدkhadd
The baby's cheek became red like a strawberry.	أصبح خد الطفل أحمر كالفراولة.asbaha khaddu-ttifli ahmara kal-farâwlati
the throat	حنجرةhanjara
This medicine led to an allergy in my throat.	أدى هذا الدواء إلى حساسية في حنجرتي.adda hâdha ad-dawâ'u ilâ hasâsiyyatin fî hanjaratî
the lip	شفةshafah
There is a small cut on your lip.	يوجد جرح صغير على شفتك.yûjadu jurhun saghîrun 'alâ shafatika
the forehead	جبينjabîn
The nurse wiped the patient's forehead.	مسحت الممرضة جبين المريض.masahati al-mumarridatu jabina al-maridi
the eyelash	رمشrimsh
Dust entered my eye, so my eyelash fell out.	دخل الغبار في عيني فسقط رمشي.dakhala al-ghubâru fî ayni fasaqaṭa rimshî
The athlete has a strong back and a narrow waist.	للرياضي ظهر قوي وخصر ضيق.lirriyâdiyyi zahrun qawiyyun wa khasrun dayyiqun.
Drinking plenty of water is beneficial for the skin.	شرب الكثير من الماء مفيد للبشرة.shurbu alkathîri mina almâ'i mufîdun lilbashara
I felt a sharp pain in my abdomen and back.	شعرت بألم شديد في بطني وظهري.sha'artu bi-alamin shadîdin fî batnî wa-zahrî
Wipe your forehead, you look very tired.	امسح جبينك، تبدو متعبا جدا.imsah jabînaka, tabdû mut'aban jiddan
The sick man cannot move his tongue.	لا يستطيع الرجل المريض أن يحرك لسانه.lâ yastatîu ar-rajulu al-marîdu an yuharrika lisânahu
My throat hurts me a lot when I speak.	تؤلمني حنجرتي كثيرا عندما أتكلم.tu'limuni hanjarati kathiran 'indama atakallam
His lip swelled after the insect bit him.	انتفخت شفته بعدما لدغته الحشرة.intafakhat shafatuhu badamâ ladaghathu al-hasharah
How beautiful this long eyelash is!	ما أجمل هذا الرمش الطويل!ma ajmala hâdhâ ar-rimsha at-tawîla!
Her face is definitely very pale.	وجهها شاحب جدا بالتأكيد.wajhuhâ shâhibun jiddan bit-ta'kîd
The boy touched his cold cheek.	لمس الولد خده البارد.lamasa al-waladu khaddahu al-bârida.
kidney	كلية
My sister donated a kidney to her brother.	تبرعت أختي بكلية لأخيها.
The two kidneys clean the blood every day.	تنظف الكليتان الدم كل يوم.

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