Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Same letters, two words

Every word in this lesson shares its letters with a word you already know. The short vowels are not written, so the sentence around it decides which one you are reading.

| you know | the new word |
|---|---|
| مَلِك *king* | مَلَكَ *to own* |
| جَانِب *side* | إِلَى جَانِبِ *besides, alongside* |
| مُقَابِلَ *opposite* | مُقَابِلَ *in exchange for* |
| قِسْم *department* | قَسَّمَ *to divide* |
| حَلّ *solution* | حَلَّ *to solve* |
| دَلِيل *evidence* | دَلِيل *guidebook, manual* |
| أَسْرَع *faster* | أَسْرَعَ *to hurry* |

### Verbs hiding in nouns

{{item:1217476}}

The prefix تـ and the object after it show a verb: *owns*, not a king.

{{item:1217489}}

قَسَّمَ doubles its س. You hear the doubling but do not see it.

{{item:1217501}}

Alone at the start, with an exclamation mark, أسرع is a command: *hurry!* In a comparison it is *faster*.

### Paying and adding

مقابل between a service and a price means *in exchange for*:

{{item:1217484}}

إلى جانب adds one thing to another, *besides*. With a place after it, it can also mean *next to*, so here it adds a second job to the first:

{{item:1217480}}

### A book that guides

Evidence points to the truth; a guidebook points the way. With a user and a device, it is the manual:

{{item:1217496}}

In a tourist's hands, it is a guidebook:

{{item:1217497}}

Running a small business (ملك، مقابل، دليل)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to own, to possess	ملكmalaka
My neighbor owns a small shop.	تملك جارتي دكانا صغيرا.
Who owns this restaurant?	من يملك هذا المطعم؟man yamliku hâdhâ al-mat'am?
The cobbler has owned this shop for twenty years.	يملك الإسكافي هذا الدكان منذ عشرين سنة.
besides, alongside	إلى جانبilâ jânibi
My neighbor works in a restaurant besides her work in the shop.	تعمل جارتي في مطعم إلى جانب عملها في الدكان.
The store sells perfumes alongside soap.	يبيع المتجر العطور إلى جانب الصابون.yabee'u almatjaru al'utoora ilâ jânibi assâbooni
Besides work, my brother studies in the evening.	إلى جانب العمل، يدرس أخي في المساء.ilâ jânibi l-'amali, yadrusu akhî fî l-masâ'i
in exchange for, in return for	مقابلmuqâbila
The cobbler patches shoes in exchange for five dollars.	يرقع الإسكافي الأحذية مقابل خمسة دولارات.yarqa'u aliskâfiyyu al'aḥdhiyata muqâbila khamsati dûlârât
I worked two hours in exchange for twenty dollars.	عملت ساعتين مقابل عشرين دولارا.amiltu sâatayni muqâbila ishrîna dûlâran
What do you want in return for this help?	ماذا تريد مقابل هذه المساعدة؟
to divide (into parts)	قسمqassama
The two partners divided the money between them.	قسم الشريكان المال بينهما.
The mother divided the cake into eight pieces.	قسمت الأم الكعكة إلى ثماني قطع.
The manager divided the work among the employees.	قسم المدير العمل بين الموظفين.qassama al-mudîru al-'amala bayna al-muwazzafîn
to solve	حلhalla
The locksmith solved the problem quickly.	حل القفال المشكلة بسرعة.halla al-qaffâlu al-mushkilata bisur'atin
Did you solve the exercise?	هل حللت التمرين؟hal halalta t-tamrîna?
This plan will not solve the company's problems.	لن تحل هذه الخطة مشاكل الشركة.
guidebook, manual	دليلdalîl
Read the user manual before using the device.	اقرأ دليل المستخدم قبل استخدام الجهاز.
The tourist bought a guidebook about the city.	اشترى السائح دليلا عن المدينة.ishtarâ as-sâ'ihu dalîlan 'ani al-madîna.
The manual explains how we use the machine.	يشرح الدليل كيف نستخدم الآلة.yashrahu ad-dalîlu kayfa nastakhdimu al-âlata
to speed up, to hurry	أسرعasra'a
The employee hurried so that she could open the shop on time.	أسرعت الموظفة كي تفتح الدكان في الموعد.asra'ati al-muwazzafatu kay taftaha ad-dukkâna fi al-mawidi
Hurry! The store will close in a little while.	أسرع! سيغلق المتجر بعد قليل.asri'! sayaghliqu al-matjaru ba'da qalîl.
Don't speed in the street; it is crowded.	لا تسرع في الشارع، فهو مزدحم.

Contributors