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### Real Conditionals with إذا

To express a real or likely condition, like the rules of a game, use إذا (if).

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When using إذا, the condition verb immediately following it is usually in the **past tense**, even when referring to a present or future event. To show that the consequence is an absolute certainty, the result verb is frequently put in the past tense as well.

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Whether a player earns a point or suffers a penalty for cheating, both verbs remain in the past tense to state the rule definitively.

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### Using فـ in the Result Clause

If the result clause is a question (using هل) or a negative future statement (using لن), attach the prefix فـ to the beginning of the result clause. This acts like "then" in English.

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You can also flip the sentence order and place the result *before* the إذا clause. When you do this, the prefix فـ is not needed.

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Real conditionals (إذا)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
if	إذاidhâ
dice	نردnard
turn	دورdawr
If you roll the dice, your turn begins.	إذا رميت النرد، بدأ دورك.idhâ ramayta an-narda, bada'a dawruka.
to quit	انسحبinsahaba
opponent	خصمkhasm
If the opponent quits, his turn ends.	إذا انسحب الخصم، انتهى دوره.idhâ insahaba al-khasmu, intahâ dawruhu.
to move (something)	حركharraka
board (for games)	رقعةruqa
If the player moves the piece on the board, he gets a point.	إذا حرك اللاعب القطعة على الرقعة، حصل على نقطة.idhâ harraka l-lâ'ibu l-qit'ata 'alâ r-ruq'ati, hasala 'alâ nuqtatin.
If you move the piece on the board, your turn ends.	إذا حركت القطعة على الرقعة، انتهى دورك.idhâ harrakta al-qitata ala ar-ruqati, intahâ dawruka
to cheat	غشghashsha
penalty	عقوبة'uqûba
If that opponent cheats, he gets a penalty.	إذا غش ذلك الخصم، حصل على عقوبة.idhâ ghashsha dhâlika al-khasmu, hasala alâ uqûbatin
If the player cheats, he loses a point.	إذا غش اللاعب، خسر نقطة.idhâ ghashsha l-lâ'ibu, khasira nuqtatan
If he draws the card, he will not quit.	إذا سحب الورقة، فلن ينسحب.idhâ sahaba l-waraqata, falan yansahiba.
If she uses the card which she drew, she wins.	إذا استخدمت الورقة التي سحبتها، فازت.idhâ istakhdamati l-waraqata llatî sahabat-hâ, fâzat.
If the opponent rolls the dice again, does he win?	إذا رمى الخصم النرد مرة أخرى، فهل يفوز؟idhâ ramâ al-khasmu an-narda marratan ukhrâ, fahal yafûzu?
If the opponent cheats, he takes a penalty.	إذا غش الخصم، أخذ عقوبة.idhâ ghashsha al-khasmu, akhadha 'uqûbatan.
to advance	تقدمtaqaddama
square (shape)	مربعmurabba'
If you roll the dice, you advance one square.	إذا رميت النرد، تقدمت مربعا واحدا.idhâ ramayta an-narda, taqaddamta murabba'an wâhidan
to move back	تراجعtarâja'a
If you draw this card, you move back a square.	إذا سحبت هذه البطاقة، تراجعت مربعا.idhâ sahabta hâdhihi l-bitâqata, tarâja'ta murabba'an.
Do I advance if I have the dice?	هل أتقدم إذا كان عندي النرد؟hal ataqaddamu idhâ kâna indî an-nardu?
If you lose the point, you move back two squares.	إذا خسرت النقطة، تراجعت مربعين.idhâ khasirta an-nuqṭata, tarâja'ta murabba'ayni

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