Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Quadriliteral Form IV (افعلل)

While most Arabic verbs are built on three-letter roots, some have four. These four-letter (quadriliteral) roots have their own set of derived forms. One of the rarest but most expressive is Form IV, which follows the pattern **افْعَلَلَّ** in the past tense.

These verbs typically express a strong physical reaction, an intense emotional state, or a gradual outcome—making them perfect for discussing mental health, processing trauma, or overcoming anxiety. They are almost always intransitive, meaning they describe a state rather than an action done to a direct object. 

You can recognize this form by the added Alif (**ا**) at the beginning and the shadda (doubling) on the final root letter.

{{item:1158185}}

In the present tense, the initial Alif drops, and the pattern shifts to **يَفْعَلِلُّ**, while keeping the doubled final consonant.

{{item:1158187}}

### Conjugating the Doubled Letter

Because the final root letter in this form is doubled by a shadda (like the **ن** in **اطمأنَّ**), you must separate that double letter when conjugating in the past tense for pronouns that add a consonant suffix—such as "I" (**تُ**) or "we" (**نَا**). 

Notice how the verb **اطمأنَّ** (to feel reassured) separates into **اطمأننت** when conjugated for "I":

{{item:1158192}}

### Expressing Outcomes and Reactions

Other common verbs in this form describe fading outcomes or visceral reactions, such as fading away (**اضمحل**) or feeling disgusted (**اشمأز**). Because these verbs focus on states, they are often paired with gradual processes or strong emotional shifts.

{{item:1158196}}

{{item:1158198}}

Quadriliteral Form IV verbs (افْعَلَلَّ)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to shudder	اقشعرiqsha'arra
disorder	اضطرابidtirâb
nervous (irritable)	عصبيasabi
My body shuddered when the nervous disorder began.	اقشعر جسمي عندما بدأ الاضطراب العصبي.iqsha'arra jismî 'indamâ bada'a l-idtirâbu l-'asabiyyu
therapist	معالجmu'âlij
The therapist noticed that I shudder constantly.	لاحظت المعالجة أنني أقشعر دائما.lâḥaẓati al-mu'âlijatu annani aqsha'irru dâ'iman.
consultation	استشارةistishâra
obsession	وسواسwaswâs
She booked a consultation to treat the obsession.	حجزت استشارة لعلاج الوسواس.hajazat istishâratan li'ilâji al-waswâs
to feel reassured	اطمأنitma'anna
I felt reassured after the first consultation with the therapist.	اطمأننت بعد الاستشارة الأولى مع المعالج.itma'nantu ba'da al-istishârati al-'ûlâ ma'a al-mu'âlij
to fade away	اضمحلidmahalla
The patient feels reassured when the nervous fear fades away.	تطمئن المريضة عندما يضمحل الخوف العصبي.tatma'innu al-marîdatu 'indamâ yadma'hillu al-khawfu al-'asabiyyu
gradual	تدريجيtadrîjî
The obsession began to fade away in a gradual manner.	بدأ الوسواس يضمحل بشكل تدريجي.bada'a al-waswâsu yadhmahillu bishaklin tadrîjiyyin
to be disgusted	اشمأزishma'azza
The patient was disgusted by his bad thoughts.	اشمأز المريض من أفكاره السيئة.ishma'azza al-marîdu min afkârihi as-sayyi'ati.
She shudders and feels disgusted when she remembers the shock.	تقشعر وتشمئز عندما تتذكر الصدمة.taqsha'irru wa tashma'izzu indama tatadhakkaru as-sadma
The disorder was not fading away gradually.	لم يكن الاضطراب يضمحل تدريجيا.lam yakuni l-iDtirâbu yaDmaHillu tadrîjiyyan
The doctor treated the obsession with gradual steps.	عالجت الطبيبة الوسواس بخطوات تدريجية.aalajat at-tabibatu al-waswasa bikhutuwatin tadrijiyyah
I did not feel reassured regarding this severe disorder.	لم أطمئن بشأن هذا الاضطراب الشديد.lam atma'inna bisha'ni hâdha al-idtirâbi ash-shadîdi.
The therapist advised me to ignore the obsession.	نصحني المعالج أن أتجاهل الوسواس.nasahani al-muâliju an atajâhala al-waswâsa