The Particle قد
To express that an action has already happened or has just been completed—similar to the present perfect "have/has done" in English—Arabic uses the particle قد directly before a past tense verb.
| already | قدqad |
This structure is especially useful when going through a checklist, like preparing for a wedding.
| The groom has booked the wedding hall. | قد حجز العريس قاعة الزفاف.qad hajaza al-'arîsu qâ'ata az-zifâfi |
| The bride has chosen the wedding dress. | قد اختارت العروس فستان الزفاف.qadi-khtârati l-'arûsu fustâna z-zifâf |
Word Order
The particle قد must immediately precede the verb. The subject of the sentence can come after the verb (the standard verbal sentence order) or before the particle قد (if you are starting with a noun for emphasis).
Subject after the verb:
| The groom has bought the suit. | قد اشترى العريس البدلة.qadi shtarâ l-'arîsu l-badlata. |
| The groom has arranged the wedding decorations. | قد رتب العريس زينة الزفاف.qad rattaba al-'arîsu zînata az-zifâf. |
Subject before قد:
| The guest has chosen the wedding gift. | الضيف قد اختار هدية الزفاف.ad-dayfu qadi ikhtâra hadiyyata az-zifâfi. |
| The bride has chosen the new dress. | العروس قد اختارت الفستان الجديد.al-'arûsu qadi-khtâratil fustânal jadîd |
Pronoun Subjects
If the subject is a pronoun built directly into the verb (such as the "we" in "we arranged"), قد simply goes before the conjugated verb as usual.
| Yes, we have arranged the hall decoration. | نعم، قد رتبنا زينة القاعة.na'am, qad rattabnâ zînatal-qâ'ah. |
| We have put the decoration in that hall. | قد وضعنا الزينة في تلك القاعة.qad wada'nâ az-zînata fî tilka al-qâ'a. |
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