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### The Past Tense Passive for Derived Forms

Just as you learned to form the passive voice in basic Form I verbs, derived verbs have predictable patterns for the passive voice. Derived verbs like Form II (which often intensifies or causes an action) and Form IV (which often makes an action transitive) are incredibly common in modern technology and business.

In the past tense, the general rule across derived forms is to change the first vowel to a ُ and the vowel before the final root letter to a ِ. 

- For a Form II verb like خَزَّنَ (to store), the passive pattern is فُعِّلَ, making it خُزِّنَ (it was stored).
- For a Form IV verb like أَطْلَقَ (to launch), the passive pattern is أُفْعِلَ, making it أُطْلِقَ (it was launched).

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### The Present Tense Passive for Derived Forms

To form the present passive for these derived verbs, the present-tense prefix takes a ُ, and the vowel before the final root letter becomes a َ.

- For Form II, the active pattern يُفَعِّلُ becomes the passive يُفَعَّلُ.
- For Form IV, the active pattern يُفْعِلُ becomes the passive يُفْعَلُ.

Because we rarely write short vowels in everyday Arabic, these words often look identical to their active counterparts. You will rely on the context of the sentence—such as an inanimate object being acted upon—to know it is passive.

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### Describing Digital Processes

The passive voice is the standard way to describe how software is maintained, data is managed, and systems are updated, as the focus is on the technology itself rather than the programmers behind the scenes. 

You will frequently see multiple derived passive verbs used together to explain a sequence of digital events. These same passive vowel patterns also apply to longer derived verbs, such as Form VIII (اُفْتُعِلَ) and Form X (يُسْتَفْعَلُ).

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Passive voice for derived forms

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to install	ثبتthabbata
server	خادمkhâdim
The update is being installed on the server now.	يثبت التحديث على الخادم الآن.yuthabbatu t-tahdîthu 'alâ l-khâdimi l-âna
to launch	أطلقatlaqa
The new app was launched yesterday.	أطلق التطبيق الجديد أمس.utliqa t-tatbîqu l-jadîdu amsi
to store	خزنkhazana
All data is stored on a secure server.	تخزن كل البيانات في خادم آمن.tukhazzanu kullu l-bayânâti fî khâdimin âmin.
to upgrade	رقىraqqâ
The system was upgraded because it was slow.	رقي النظام لأنه كان بطيئا.ruqqiya annizâmu li'annahu kâna batee'an
to release / to issue (a document)	أصدرasdara
browser	متصفحmutasaffih
A new browser will be released tomorrow.	سيصدر متصفح جديد غدا.sayusdaru mutasaffihun jadeedun ghadan
virus	فيروسfayrûs
A dangerous virus was sent to the programmer (m).	أرسل فيروس خطير إلى المبرمج.ursila fayrûsun khatîrun ilâ al-mubarmiji
link	رابطrâbit
The link was sent to the new manager (f).	أرسل الرابط إلى المديرة الجديدة.ursila ar-râbitu ilâ al-mudîrati al-jadîdati
to input	أدخلadkhala
The password was input into the system.	أدخلت كلمة المرور في النظام.udkhilat kalimatu l-murûri fi n-nizâm
The servers were upgraded because they were old.	رقيت الخوادم لأنها كانت قديمة.ruqqiyati l-khawâdimu li'annahâ kânat qadîmatan
The designer (m) had installed the game before the update was released.	كان المصمم قد ثبت اللعبة قبل أن يصدر التحديث.kâna al-musammimu qad thabbata al-lubata qabla an yasdura at-tahdithu.
The data is stored, and the files are not lost.	تخزن البيانات ولا تفقد الملفات.tukhazzanu al-bayânâtu wa lâ tufqadu al-malaffât.
This browser is used a lot.	يستخدم هذا المتصفح كثيرا.yustakhdamu hâdhâ al-mutasaffihu kathîran
The new update will be launched soon.	سيطلق التحديث الجديد قريبا.sayutlaqu at-tahdîthu al-jadîdu qarîban
The accountant (f) input the information quickly.	أدخلت المحاسبة المعلومات بسرعة.adkhalati al-muhâsibatu al-ma'lûmâti bisur'ah
The virus had been discovered before the network stopped.	كان الفيروس قد اكتشف قبل أن تتوقف الشبكة.kâna alfayrûsu qadi ktushifa qabla an tatawaqqafa ashshabakah
The link was entered into the browser, then the application was downloaded.	أدخل الرابط في المتصفح، ثم حمل التطبيق.udkhila r-râbiṭu fi l-mutaṣaffiḥi, thumma ḥummila t-taṭbîqu.