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### Doing and spending

**{{item:1152619}}** is the formal *to do, carry out*. The noun after ب names the action: قام بزيارة *to pay a visit*, قام برحلة *to make a trip*, قام بالعمل *to do the work*. Written Arabic prefers it to فعل when the action is a noun.

{{item:1152620}}

**{{item:1152622}}** *to spend* takes a stretch of time as its object: قضى وقتا, قضى أسبوعا. It is never used for money: that is صرف.

{{item:1152624}}

### Verbs with a fixed partner

These verbs always bring their preposition, so learn the pair as one unit, like the اهتم ب you know. ب attaches to the next word, and any preposition takes a pronoun: بالقط, إليك.

| verb + partner | meaning |
|---|---|
| {{item:1152626}} | to express |
| {{item:1152629}} | to greet |
| {{item:1152641}} | to take care of |
| {{item:1152645}} | to miss |

Without its partner the verb is another word: عبر alone is *to cross*.

{{item:1152627}}

{{item:1152630}}

{{item:1152646}}

### Marrying, expecting, resembling

**{{item:1152633}}**, **{{item:1152637}}** and **{{item:1152651}}** take a direct object, with no preposition. توقع can also take أن with the subjunctive. أشبه is mostly met in its present, يُشْبِه *he resembles*.

{{item:1152635}}

{{item:1152639}}

{{item:1152652}}

### Scoring

**{{item:1152648}}** is the newspaper verb for scoring or achieving: أحرز هدفا *to score a goal*, أحرز نجاحا *to achieve success*.

{{item:1152649}}

Light verbs and set phrases (قام بزيارة، قضى وقتا، عبر عن)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
to carry out, do (an action: a trip, a task)	قام بqâma bi
We made a long trip to the village.	قمنا برحلة طويلة إلى القرية.qumnâ bi-riḥlatin ṭawîlatin ilâ al-qaryah
My mother did all the work in the kitchen.	قامت أمي بكل العمل في المطبخ.qâmat ummî bikulli al'amali fî almaTbakhi
to spend (time)	قضىqadâ
I spent a week with my family.	قضيت أسبوعا مع عائلتي.qadaytu usbûʿan maʿa ʿâ'ilatî
We spent an enjoyable time at the wedding.	قضينا وقتا ممتعا في الزفاف.qadaynâ waqtan mumti'an fi zzifâf
Where did you spend the vacation?	أين قضيت العطلة؟ayna qadayta al-'utlata?
to express	عبر عن'abbara 'an
The groom expressed his love for the bride.	عبر العريس عن حبه للعروس.'abbara al-'arîsu 'an hubbihi lil-'arûs.
My mother expressed her opinion about the dress.	عبرت أمي عن رأيها في الفستان.'abbarat ummî 'an ra'yihâ fil-fustân.
to greet, say hello to	سلم علىsallama 'alâ
The groom greeted all the guests.	سلم العريس على كل الضيوف.sallama al-arees ala kulli ad-duyoof
I said hello to my neighbors in the street.	سلمت على جيراني في الشارع.sallamtu 'alâ jîrânî fi ash-shâri'
When I arrived, I greeted my grandfather and my grandmother.	عندما وصلت، سلمت على جدي وجدتي.indama waslatu, sallamtu ala jaddi wa jaddati.
to marry, get married	تزوجtazawwaja
My older brother got married in the summer.	تزوج أخي الأكبر في الصيف.tazawwaja akhil akbaru fis sayf
My sister married an engineer.	تزوجت أختي مهندسا.tazawwajat ukhtî muhandisan
When will you get married, Ahmad?	متى ستتزوج يا أحمد؟mata satatazawwaju ya ahmad?
to expect	توقعtawaqqa'a
I didn't expect this.	لم أتوقع هذا.lam atawaqqa' hâdhâ.
We expect a hundred guests to attend.	نتوقع أن يحضر مئة ضيف.natawaqqa'u an yahdura mi'atu dayfin.
My mother expected the party to be long.	توقعت أمي أن تكون الحفلة طويلة.tawaqqa'at ommî an takûna al-haflatu tawîlatan.
to take care of	اعتنى بi'tanâ bi
My mother takes care of my sick grandfather.	تعتني أمي بجدي المريض.ta'tanî ummî bijaddî al-marîd.
Who will take care of the cat?	من سيعتني بالقط؟man sa-ya'tanî bil-qitt?
My sister took care of the children at the wedding.	اعتنت أختي بالأطفال في الزفاف.i'tanat ukhtî bil-aṭfâli fî az-zifâf.
to miss, long for	اشتاق إلىishtâqa ilâ
I missed you a lot, my brother.	اشتقت إليك كثيرا يا أخي.ishtaqtu ilayka kathîran yâ akhî.
I miss my country.	أشتاق إلى بلدي.ashtâqu ilâ baladî
to score, achieve (a goal, success)	أحرزaḥraza
My little brother scored a goal in the match.	أحرز أخي الصغير هدفا في المباراة.ahraza akhi assaghiru hadafan fil mubarah
The team achieved a great success.	أحرز الفريق نجاحا كبيرا.ahraza al-fariqu najâhan kabiran.
to resemble	أشبهashbaha
The child resembles his father.	يشبه الطفل أباه.yushbihu at-tiflu abâhu
The bride resembles her mother a lot.	تشبه العروس أمها كثيرا.tushbihu al-'arûsu ummahâ kathîran
kiss	قبلةqubla
The groom expressed his love for the bride with a kiss.	عبر العريس عن حبه للعروس بقبلة.
The mother greeted her son with a kiss.	سلمت الأم على ابنها بقبلة.

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