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### Kept on: ظل

**{{item:1152804}}** + a present verb means *kept doing, went on doing*. ظل is a doubled verb, so its past un-doubles before a consonant ending (ظل، ظلت، but ظللنا). The present verb after it agrees with the same subject.

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{{item:1152808}}

### No longer: لم يعد

**{{item:1152813}}** + a present verb means *no longer*. It is لم with the jussive of عاد *to return*: *he did not go back to (doing)*. Both verbs change for the person.

| person | no longer smokes |
|---|---|
| I | لم أعد أدخن |
| you (m) | لم تعد تدخن |
| he | لم يعد يدخن |
| she | لم تعد تدخن |
| they (m) | لم يعودوا يدخنون |

{{item:1152816}}

{{item:1152815}}

### About to: على وشك

**{{item:1152820}}** means *about to*: on the edge of something that has not happened yet. Follow it with أن + a subjunctive verb, or with a verbal noun.

{{item:1152821}}

{{item:1152822}}

### على وشك or كاد?

كاد + present is *almost*, said of something that nearly happened and then did not. على وشك looks at the moment just before.

{{item:1152809}}

{{item:1152823}}

Kept doing, no longer, about to (ظل، لم يعد، على وشك)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
baby, infant	رضيعradî'
to keep on, remain (+ present verb)	ظلdhalla
The baby kept crying for two hours.	ظل الرضيع يبكي ساعتين.dhalla ar-radee'u yabki sâ'atayn.
The mother kept singing to the baby until he fell asleep.	ظلت الأم تغني للرضيع حتى نام.zallati al-ummu tughanni lirradii hatta nama
The bus kept going until the morning.	ظلت الحافلة تمشي حتى الصباح.dhallati al-hâfilatu tamshî hattâ as-sabâh
We kept waiting at the station for a whole hour.	ظللنا ننتظر في المحطة ساعة كاملة.zhalilnâ nantazhiru fil-mahattati sâ'atan kâmilatan.
The baby almost fell asleep, but he kept crying.	كاد الرضيع ينام، لكنه ظل يبكي.kâda ar-radîu yanâmu, lâkinnahu dhalla yabkî
waiting	انتظارintizâr
The waiting at the station was long.	كان الانتظار في المحطة طويلا.kâna l-intizâru fi l-mahattati tawîlan
The waiting hall is crowded.	قاعة الانتظار مزدحمة.qâ'atu al-intizâri muzdaḥimatun
no longer (+ present)	لم يعدlam ya'ud
The baby no longer cries.	لم يعد الرضيع يبكي.lam ya'udi r-radee'u yabki
I can no longer wait.	لم أعد أستطيع أن أنتظر.lam a'ud astatî'u an antazira.
The driver no longer smokes on the bus.	لم يعد السائق يدخن في الحافلة.lam ya'udi s-sâ'iqu yudakhkhinu fi l-ĥâfilati
asleep	نائمnâ'im
The baby is asleep now.	الرضيع نائم الآن.ar-radee3u nâ'imun al-âna
The passengers no longer talk, for they are asleep.	لم يعد الركاب يتكلمون، فهم نائمون.lam ya'udi r-rukkâbu yatakallamûna, fahum nâ'imûna
about to	على وشك'alâ washki
The bus is about to move.	الحافلة على وشك أن تتحرك.al-ḥâfilatu 'alâ washki an tataḥarraka.
We are about to arrive.	نحن على وشك الوصول.nahnu 'alâ washki l-wusûli
The baby was about to fall asleep, then he started crying.	كان الرضيع على وشك أن ينام، ثم بدأ يبكي.kâna ar-radî'u 'alâ washki an yanâma, thumma bada'a yabkî.
departure	مغادرةmughâdara
The departure time is seven o'clock.	وقت المغادرة الساعة السابعة.waqtu al-mughâdarati as-sâ'atu as-sâbi'ah
The bus is about to depart.	الحافلة على وشك المغادرة.al-hâfilatu 'alâ washki al-mughâdarah
return (coming back)	عودةawda
On the return trip, my brother kept sleeping.	في رحلة العودة، ظل أخي ينام.fi riHlati l-awdati, zalla akhi yanâmu
The return to the city is tomorrow.	العودة إلى المدينة غدا.al-'awdatu ilâ al-madînati ghadan
fare	أجرةujra
I paid the bus fare to the driver.	دفعت أجرة الحافلة للسائق.dafa'tu ujrata-l-hâfilati lis-sâ'iq
The trip fare is expensive.	أجرة الرحلة غالية.ujratu r-rihlati ghâliya

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