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In this lesson, we will step into a fully equipped kitchen. You will learn the names of specific preparation utensils and cooking tools while reinforcing how to talk about procedures and abilities.

### Tool Patterns and Negations

You might notice that many specialized tools in Arabic share a common pattern and end with a *ta' marbuta* (**ة**), making them feminine. Let's look at a grater (**مبشرة**), a peeler (**قشارة**), a strainer (**مصفاة**), and a juicer (**عصارة**).

To describe these tools, you will see two common ways to say "not":
- **غير** followed by an adjective (e.g., "not cheap").
- **ليس** (or the feminine **ليست**) combined with the prefix **بـ** attached to the adjective. This adds a subtle emphasis to the negation, translating similarly to "is not [adjective]". 

Let's see these tools and negations in action.

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### Operating Appliances and Expressing Ability

As you move to other gadgets like a can opener (**فتاحة**), a blender (**خلاط**), and a mincer (**مفرمة**), you will often need to express the ability to use, wash, or clean them.

To say "can" or "is able to," use the verb **استطاع** followed by **أن** and a present-tense verb. To make it negative (cannot), simply place **لا** before the first verb.

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### Pouring and Grinding

Let's round out our kitchen equipment with a kettle (**غلاية**), a funnel (**قمع**), and a mortar (**هاون**). Note that unlike the previous tools, "funnel" and "mortar" do not end in *ta' marbuta* and are masculine nouns.

These tools pair perfectly with procedural verbs describing common kitchen actions, such as pouring (**صب**) and grinding (**طحن**).

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In the Kitchen: Specialized Utensils

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
grater	مبشرةmibshara
Where is the pink grater?	أين المبشرة الوردية؟ayna al-mibsharatu alwardiyya?
This grater is not new.	هذه المبشرة ليست بجديدة.hâdhihi al-mibsharatu laysat bijadîdatin
peeler	قشارةqashshâra
The mother uses a grey peeler.	تستخدم الأم قشارة رمادية.tastakhdimu al-ummu qashshâratan ramâdiyyatan
I cannot find the peeler.	لا أستطيع أن أجد القشارة.lâ astatî'u an ajida al-qashshârah
strainer	مصفاةmisfâh
The father needs a strainer for the rice.	يحتاج الأب إلى مصفاة للأرز.yahtâju al-abu ilâ misfâtin lil-aruzz
The girl poured the water into a strainer.	صبت البنت الماء في مصفاة.sabbati-l-bintu-l-maa'a fi misfaatin
juicer	عصارة'assâra
The orange juicer is not cheap.	العصارة البرتقالية غير رخيصة.al-assâratu l-burtuqâliyyatu ghayru rakhisah.
The manager cannot use the juicer.	لا يستطيع المدير أن يستخدم العصارة.lâ yastatee'u al-mudeeru an yastakhdima al-'assârata
opener	فتاحةfattâha
Is the can opener grey?	هل فتاحة العلب رمادية؟hal fattâḥatu l-'ulabi ramâdiyyah?
This opener is not useful.	هذه الفتاحة غير مفيدة.hâdhihi al-fattâhatu ghayru mufîdah
blender	خلاطkhallât
The brown blender is not fast.	الخلاط البني ليس بسريع.al-khallâtu al-bunniyyu laysa bisarî'in.
The employee cannot wash the blender.	لا تستطيع الموظفة أن تغسل الخلاط.lâ tastatî'u al-muwazzafatu an taghsila al-khallâta
mincer	مفرمةmiframa
The purple mincer is not old.	المفرمة البنفسجية غير قديمة.al-miframa al-banafsajiyya ghayru qadima
Can you clean the mincer?	هل تستطيعين أن تنظفي المفرمة؟hal tastatî'îna an tunazzifî al-miframa?
kettle	غلايةghallâya
The water in the kettle is very hot.	الماء في الغلاية ساخن جدا.al-mâ'u fil-ghallâyati sâkhinun jiddan
The kettle is not expensive.	الغلاية ليست بغالية.al-ghallâyatu laysat bighâliya
funnel	قمعqum'
He poured the oil through a funnel.	صب الزيت من خلال قمع.sabba az-zayta min khilâli qim'in
This funnel is not clean.	هذا القمع ليس بنظيف.hâdhal-qim'u laysa binazhîf
mortar	هاونhâwun
The cook ground the garlic in a mortar.	طحن الطباخ الثوم في هاون.tahana at-tabbâkhu ath-thûma fî hâwanin
This heavy mortar is not broken.	هذا الهاون الثقيل غير مكسور.hâdhâ al-hâwunu ath-thaqîlu ghayru maksûrin
below, at the bottom of	أسفلasfala
The plates are at the bottom of the cupboard.	الأطباق في أسفل الخزانة.al-atbâqu fî asfali l-khizânati
Put the plates under the shelf.	ضع الأطباق أسفل الرف.da'i al-atbâqa asfala ar-raffi

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