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### The Host and Emphatic Negation

Hosting a successful gathering starts with the host (**مضيف**) providing a warm welcome (**ترحيب**) to the guests.

In formal Arabic, you can add emphasis to a negative sentence by using the particle **ما** (not) at the beginning of the sentence, and attaching the preposition **بـ** to the predicate (the descriptive word). For example, to strongly say "The host is not tired," you would say **ما المضيف بمتعب**.

Additionally, to emphasize an action, Arabic often uses the verb's corresponding noun (known as the absolute object) in the same sentence, as seen with "welcomed us a warm welcome" (**رحبت بنا ترحيبا حارا**).

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### Setting the Table

Preparing the dining area involves setting out a clean tablecloth (**مفرش**) and perhaps a pitcher (**إبريق**) of water or juice. Whether you are mixing drinks or cooking, you will also need to measure the right amount (**مقدار**) of your ingredients.

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### Serving the Meal

Once everything is prepared, it is time to serve (**قدم**) the food. A delicious, well-presented meal is sure to earn you a lovely compliment (**إطراء**) from your guests.

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### Leftovers and Farewells

At the end of a generous feast, you will likely have leftovers (**بقايا**) to pack away. Make sure every container (**حاوية**) is sealed tightly before storing them in the fridge. Finally, as the night winds down, you will see off (**ودع**) your friends.

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Hosting a Gathering

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
host	مضيفmudîf
The host welcomed the guests.	رحب المضيف بالضيوف.rahhaba al-mudîfu bid-duyûfi
The host is not tired today.	ما المضيف بمتعب اليوم.mā al-muḍīfu bimutabin al-yawma
welcome (noun)	ترحيبtarhîb
We thanked them for the beautiful welcome.	شكرناهم على الترحيب الجميل.shakarnâhum 'alâ at-tarhîbi al-jamîl
She gave us a warm welcome.	رحبت بنا ترحيبا حارا.rahhabat binâ tarheeban hârran.
tablecloth	مفرشmifrash
I washed the tablecloth after the dinner party.	غسلت المفرش بعد حفلة العشاء.ghasaltu al-mafrasha ba'da haflati al-'ashâ'
Arrange the white tablecloth on the dining table.	رتبي المفرش الأبيض على المائدة.rattibi al-mafrasha al-abyada ‘alâ al-mâ'idati
pitcher	إبريقibrîq
Prepare the juice pitcher, please.	جهز إبريق العصير من فضلك.jahhiz ibrîqal-'asîri min fadlik
The juice pitcher is not empty now.	ما إبريق العصير بفارغ الآن.mâ ibrîqu al-'aṣîri bifârighin al-âna.
amount (quantity, measure)	مقدارmiqdâr
Add a small amount of salt.	أضف مقدارا صغيرا من الملح.adif miqdâran saghîran mina almilh.
The cake required a large amount of sugar.	تطلبت الكعكة مقدارا كبيرا من السكر.tatallabatil ka'katu miqdâran kabîran minas-sukkari
to serve	قدمqaddama
They served the main dish with a salad.	قدموا الطبق الأساسي مع سلطة.qaddamu at-tabaqa al-asâsiyya ma'a salatah
Serve the appetizers first, please.	قدمي المقبلات أولا لو سمحت.qaddimi al-muqabbilât awwalan law samahti
compliment	إطراءitrâ'
She smiled when she heard the nice compliment.	ابتسمت عندما سمعت الإطراء اللطيف.ibtasamat 'indama sami'ati l-itraa'a l-latîf
The compliment is not strange from him.	ما الإطراء بغريب منه.mâ al-'iṭrâ'u bigharîbin minhu
leftovers	بقاياbaqâyâ
We will eat the leftovers tomorrow.	سوف نأكل البقايا غدا.sawfa na'kulu al-baqâyâ ghadan
Store the leftovers in the fridge.	خزني البقايا في الثلاجة.khazzinî al-baqâyâ fî ath-thallâjah.
container	حاويةhâwiya
Put the food in a plastic container.	ضع الطعام في حاوية بلاستيك.da'i at-ta'âma fî hâwiyatin bilâstîk.
The container is not completely closed.	ما الحاوية بمغلقة تماما.mâ al-hâwiyatu bimughlaqatin tamâman
to see off	ودعwaddaʿa
We saw off our friends after a wonderful evening gathering.	ودعنا أصدقاءنا بعد سهرة رائعة.wadda'nâ asdiqâ'anâ ba'da sahratin râi'ah.
See off the guests at the door.	ودع الضيوف عند الباب.waddi'i d-duyûfa 'inda l-bâb.
to greet, to salute	حياhayyâ
The host greeted the guests at the door.	حيا المضيف الضيوف عند الباب.hayyâ al-mudîfu ad-duyûfa 'inda al-bâb.
My mother greeted all the neighbors.	حيت أمي جميع الجيران.hayyat ummî jamîa l-jîrân.

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