Introducing Form II Verbs
Form II verbs are created by taking a basic three-letter root and doubling the middle letter, marked by a shadda (ّ).
These verbs often carry a causative or intensive meaning, indicating that someone is causing a state to happen or performing an action thoroughly.
In the past tense, a Form II verb follows the pattern فَعَّلَ. The middle letter has both a shadda and a fatha.
| The plumber repaired the pipe yesterday. | السباك صلح الأنبوب أمس.as-sabbâku sallaḥa al-unbûba amsi. |
| The electrician renewed those wires. | الكهربائي جدد تلك الأسلاك.al-kahrabâ'iyyu jaddada tilka al-aslâka |
Present Tense of Form II
In the present tense, Form II verbs follow the pattern يُفَعِّلُ.
Notice two important vowel changes:
- The present tense prefix (ي، ت، أ، ن) takes a damma (e.g., يُـ).
- The doubled middle letter takes a kasra under the shadda.
| Tense | Pattern | Example (he repairs) |
|---|---|---|
| Past | فَعَّلَ | صَلَّحَ |
| Present | يُفَعِّلُ | يُصَلِّحُ |
| The plumber is repairing the malfunction now. | السباك يصلح العطل الآن.as-sabbâku yuslihu al-'atala al-ân |
| The electrician is preparing the wires to improve the connection. | الكهربائي يجهز الأسلاك ليحسن الاتصال.al-kahrabâ'iyyu yujahhizu al-aslâka liyuhassina al-ittisâla. |
Plurals and Other Pronouns
To conjugate for other pronouns, simply add the standard past or present suffixes to the Form II stem. For example, adding the plural suffix وا to the past tense indicates "they".
| The dog ruined that pipe in the garden. | الكلب خرب ذلك الأنبوب في الحديقة.al-kalbu kharraba dhâlika al-unbûba fî al-hadîqati |
| These workers renovated the house and improved the garden. | هؤلاء العمال جددوا البيت وحسنوا الحديقة.hâ'ulâ'i al-'ummâl jaddadû al-bayta wa hassanû al-hadîqata |
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