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In this lesson, you will learn essential vocabulary for visiting the dentist, from routine hygiene to common treatments.

### The Clinic and Cavities

When you have tooth pain, the problem is often in a back tooth or molar (ضرس). A cavity or decay is تسوس.

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### Examinations and Procedures

To see what is going on under the surface, the doctor will often take an x-ray (أشعة).

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If a tooth cannot be saved, the dentist may need to perform an extraction (خلع). For any painful procedure, they will give you anesthesia (تخدير).

Notice how these new concrete vocabulary words combine with familiar verbs:

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### Dental Hygiene and Fillings

Good dental hygiene involves taking care of your gums (لثة). If your gums bleed, your dentist might recommend a special paste (معجون).

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When a cavity is treated, the dentist places a filling (حشوة) in the tooth.

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At the Dentist

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
clinic	عيادة'iyâda
molar	ضرسdirs
cavity	تسوسtasawwus
I went to the clinic because this molar has a cavity.	ذهبت إلى العيادة لأن هذا الضرس فيه تسوس.dhahabtu ilâ al-iyâdati li'anna hâdhâ ad-dirsa fîhi tasawwus
x-ray	أشعةashi'ah
The doctor (m.) took an x-ray of the molar which has a cavity.	أجرى الطبيب أشعة للضرس الذي فيه تسوس.ajrâ at-tabîbu ashi'atan lid-dirsi alladhî fîhi tasawwusun
anesthesia	تخديرtakhdîr
to extract (teeth, etc.) / to take off (clothes, shoes)	خلعkhal'
We need anesthesia so that we can extract the molar.	نحتاج إلى تخدير لكي نخلع الضرس.nahtâju ilâ takhdîrin likay nakhla'a ad-dirsa
You (pl.) will not extract the molar without anesthesia.	لن تخلعوا الضرس بدون تخدير.lan takhlaʻu ad-dirsa bidûni takhdîr.
gums	لثةlithah
to bleed	نزفnazafa
paste	معجونma'joun
My gums bleed when I use the brush and the paste.	لثتي تنزف عندما أستخدم الفرشاة والمعجون.lithatî tanzifu indamâ astakhdimu alfurshâta walma'jûna
Use (f.) this paste so that the gums do not bleed.	استخدمي هذا المعجون لئلا تنزف اللثة.istakhdimi hâdha al-ma'juna li'allâ tanzifa al-lithatu
filling	حشوةhashwa
The old filling fell out, so I came to the clinic.	سقطت الحشوة القديمة، فأتيت إلى العيادة.saqaṭati l-ḥashwatu l-qadîmatu, fa'ataytu ilâ l-ʿiyâdati.
Look (f.) at the x-ray, there is a large cavity under the filling.	انظري إلى الأشعة، هناك تسوس كبير تحت الحشوة.unzuri ilâ al-ashi'ati, hunâka tasawwusun kabîrun tahta al-hashwati.
Wait (m.) in the clinic until the anesthesia starts.	انتظر في العيادة حتى يبدأ التخدير.intazir fil 'iyâdati hattâ yabda'a at-takhdîru
The nurse (f.) prepared the x-ray before extracting the molar.	جهزت الممرضة الأشعة قبل خلع الضرس.jahhazati al-mumarridatu al-ashi'ata qabla khal'i al-dirsi
Do you (pl.) use a good paste for the gums?	هل تستخدمون معجونا جيدا للثة؟hal tastakhdimoona ma'joonan jayyidan lillithati?