Adverbs of Place
To describe where things are located, Arabic uses adverbs of place. These words usually sit directly before the noun they refer to, functioning much like prepositions in English.
| The dog is behind the house. | الكلب وراء البيت.al-kalbu warâ'a al-bayti |
| The boy sits under the tree. | يجلس الولد تحت الشجرة.yajlisu alwaladu tahta ashshajarati |
| The food is inside the box. | الطعام داخل الصندوق.attaâmu dâkhila assundûqi. |
| The nurses stand outside the hospital. | تقف الممرضات خارج المستشفى.taqifu al-mumarridâtu khârija al-mustashfâ |
Relational Adverbs of Time
Similarly, to describe when an event happens relative to another event, use adverbs of time. Words like قبل (before) and بعد (after) are placed right before the noun they reference.
| I drink coffee before work. | أشرب القهوة قبل العمل.ashrabu al-qahwata qabla al-'amali |
| The employees go to the restaurant after work. | يذهب الموظفون إلى المطعم بعد العمل.yadhhabu al-muwazzafûna ilâ al-matami bada al-amali |
Standalone Adverbs of Time
Some adverbs of time pinpoint exactly when an action occurs without needing to link to another noun. These words, such as أمس (yesterday), مساء (in the evening), or قريبا (soon), typically appear at the end of the sentence.
| I traveled to the city yesterday. | سافرت إلى المدينة أمس.sâfartu ilâ al-madînati amsi. |
| We study in the evening. | ندرس مساء.nadrusu masâ'an |
| The movie starts soon. | يبدأ الفيلم قريبا.yabda'u al-fîlmu qarîban |
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