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When navigating immigration and border regulations, you frequently need to cite the rules that dictate your actions. In Arabic, there are two primary ways to express "according to" or "pursuant to" in official contexts.

### According to: وفقا لـ

**وفقا** means "according to" or "in accordance with." It is followed by the preposition **لـ** (to/for) to connect to the cited rule.

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When **لـ** attaches to a noun starting with the definite article (**ال**), the *alif* is dropped, as seen in **للقانون** (according to the law).

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### Pursuant to: بموجب

The preposition **بموجب** means "pursuant to," "under," or "by virtue of." Unlike **وفقا**, it does not require an extra preposition. It connects directly to the following noun to form an *Idafa* (genitive construct).

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### Stating Rules and Exceptions

Regulations rarely exist without exceptions. To state strict conditions, Arabic commonly pairs a negative word (like **لا** or **ليس**) with **إلا** (except) or **إلا إذا** (unless).

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You can combine these conditional structures with authority prepositions to articulate complex regulations.

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According to (بموجب، وفقاً لـ)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
resident (having residency, settled)	مقيمmuqîm
according to (in accordance with)	وفقاwifqan
The resident renewed the visa according to the law.	جددت المقيمة التأشيرة وفقا للقانون.jaddadati al-muqeematu at-ta'sheerata wifqan lil-qânooni
in accordance with	بموجبbimûjibi
agreement (treaty, convention)	اتفاقيةittifâqiyya
foreigner	أجنبيajnabi
Pursuant to the agreement, the foreigner can enter the country.	بموجب الاتفاقية، يمكن للأجنبي أن يدخل البلد.bimujabi al-ittifâqiyyah, yumkinu lil'ajnabiyyi an yadkhula al-balada.
consulate	قنصليةqunsuliyya
immigrant	مهاجرmuhâjir
The consulate issued a permit for the immigrant according to the rule.	أصدرت القنصلية تصريحا للمهاجرة وفقا للقاعدة.asdaratil qunsuliyyatu tasrihan lilmuhajirati wafqan lilqa'idah
exemption	إعفاءi'fâ'
There is no exemption for the immigrant unless he is a resident.	ليس هناك إعفاء للمهاجر إلا إذا كان مقيما.laysa hunâka i'fâ'un lil-muhâjiri illâ idhâ kâna muqîman.
crossing	معبرma'bar
The foreigner does not enter the crossing except with a visa.	لا تدخل الأجنبية المعبر إلا بتأشيرة.lâ tadkhulu al-ajnabiyyatu al-ma'bara illâ bita'shiratin
asylum	لجوءluju'
Pursuant to the new rules, the immigrant requested asylum at the consulate.	بموجب القواعد الجديدة، طلبت المهاجرة اللجوء في القنصلية.bimujibi al-qawa'idi al-jadidati, talabati al-muhajiratu al-luju'a fi al-qunsuliyyati
The resident got an exemption according to the agreement.	حصل المقيم على إعفاء وفقا للاتفاقية.hasala al-muqîmu 'alâ i'fâ'in wafqan lil-ittifâqiyyah
The crossing where the foreigner asks for asylum is far.	المعبر حيث يطلب الأجنبي اللجوء بعيد.al-ma'baru haythu yatlubu al-ajnabiyyu al-lujoo'a ba'eedun
Pursuant to the law, there is no asylum for the foreigner unless he reaches the crossing.	بموجب القانون، ليس هناك لجوء للأجنبي إلا إذا وصل إلى المعبر.bimûjibi al-qânûni, laysa hunâka lujû'un lil'ajnabiyyi illâ idhâ wasala ilâ al-ma'bari.
Did the consulate cancel the exemption according to the new agreement?	هل ألغت القنصلية الإعفاء وفقا للاتفاقية الجديدة؟hal alghatil-qunsuliyyatul-i'fâ'a wafqan lil-ittifâqiyyatil-jadîda?
The resident will not travel except with a valid passport, according to the rule.	لن تسافر المقيمة إلا بجواز صالح وفقا للقاعدة.lan tusâfira al-muqîmatu illâ bijawâzin sâlihin wafqan lilqâ'idah