Question 1

Why does وفقا have an alif with tanween (an "-an" ending) in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

In the phrase وفقاً لـ (according to), the word وفقاً is technically an accusative noun acting as an adverb (describing the circumstance of the action). This "-an" ending is fixed when you use it this way, and it must always be followed by the preposition لـ to connect it to the following noun.

Question 2

Could I use the other phrase from this lesson, بموجب, in this exact sentence?

Accepted Answer

Yes, you could say بموجب القانون (by virtue of the law / in accordance with the law). The key difference is grammatical: بموجب acts as the first part of an idafa (possessive construction), so it attaches directly to القانون without needing the preposition لـ that وفقاً requires.

Question 3

How do I pronounce the transition between the verb جددت and the noun المقيمة?

Accepted Answer

You need to add a helping vowel. The verb جددت (she renewed) normally ends with a sukuun (no vowel) on the feminine ت. However, because المقيمة starts with the definite article (which also begins with a sukuun when connected in speech), Arabic forbids two sukuuns in a row. You resolve this by pronouncing the ت with a kasra ("i" sound): jaddadati-l-muqīma.

Question 4

What verb form is جددت, and how does that affect its meaning?

Accepted Answer

It is a Form II verb, identifiable by the doubled middle root letter (the shadda on the د). Form II verbs often take a basic root and make it causative or transitive. Here, from the root ج-د-د (related to being new), Form II creates the verb جدّد, meaning "to make new again" or "to renew".

جددت المقيمة التأشيرة وفقا للقانون.

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