| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anatomical similarities between two species that suggest not a common ancestor but rather similar environmental adaptations. | analogous structures |
| homologous structures or traits that may also be found in the common ancestor of the species being classified. | ancestral characteristics |
| the classification of organisms based on branchings of descendent lineages from a common ancestor | cladistics |
| physical traits that are present in related organisms but absent from their last common ancestor. They are often associated with a speciation event. | derived characteristics |
| random changes in the frequencies of alleles in a gene pool. | genetic drift |
| the idea that species evolve slowly and continuously over long periods of time. | gradualism |
| similar anatomical structures that appear in different species and suggest a common ancestor. | homologous structures |
| the prevalence of dark-colored varieties of animals (for example, peppered moths) in industrial areas where they are better camouflaged against predators than paler forms. | industrial melanism |
| a hypothesis holding that the evolution of species proceeds in a characteristic pattern of relative stability for long periods of time interspersed with much shorter periods during which many species become extinct and new species emerge. | punctuated equilibrium |
| the theory that the most evolutionarily fit members of a species will pass on their traits to later generations. | survival of the fittest |
| speciation without a geographic barrier. | sympatric speciation |
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The content of this course has been taken from the free Anthropology textbook by Openstax