До and Від: The 'to/from' Pair

До and від are the most natural pair in the whole Ukrainian preposition system: до means "to, up to, until" (motion toward a point), від means "from, away from" (motion away from a source). They are mirror images — and, conveniently for a learner, they both govern the genitive, so once you can form the genitive you can use both. The crucial thing English hides is that motion to a person is до + genitive (not "в" or "на"), and that від does double duty as the "from" of letters and the "for" of remedies (ліки́ від ка́шлю "medicine for a cough"). This page treats them together, because in Ukrainian they really are two ends of one axis.

До: motion toward a person or a bounded point

The core of до is "as far as / up to / to" — arriving at, or heading for, a defined endpoint. The endpoint can be a place, a person, or a limit in time or quantity. Whatever it is, it goes in the genitive.

Toward a person — the use English speakers miss

When you go to a person (to the doctor, to grandma's, to a friend's place), Ukrainian uses до + genitive of the person, never "в" or "на." This is the single most important thing on the page: "I'm going to the dentist" is іду́ до стомато́лога, and "we went to grandma's" is ми пої́хали до ба́бусі.

За́втра вра́нці мені́ тре́ба до лі́каря — го́рло боли́ть уже́ ти́ждень.

Tomorrow morning I need to go to the doctor — my throat's been sore for a week.

Ми щоне́ділі їздимо до ба́бусі на село́ — вона́ вже чека́є.

Every Sunday we drive to grandma's in the village — she's already waiting.

Зайди́ до ме́не пі́сля робо́ти, поп’ємо́ ча́ю й поговори́мо.

Drop by my place after work, we'll have some tea and talk.

Toward a place — a bounded destination

For destinations conceived as points on a route — a city, a country, a shop, the station — до + genitive is the everyday choice: до Ки́єва, до Льво́ва, до Украї́ни, до магази́ну, до шко́ли. (The fuller до-vs-в/на decision, including when a place takes в/на instead, is on the до-vs-в/на page.)

По́тяг до Ки́єва відправля́ється о пів на во́сьму з тре́тьої коло́ї.

The train to Kyiv leaves at half past seven from platform three.

Дава́й дійдемо́ пішки́ до па́рку, пого́да чудо́ва.

Let's walk to the park, the weather's lovely.

Up to a limit — time and quantity

До also marks the endpoint of a stretch: "until" in time (до восьмо́ї "until eight," до п’я́тниці "until Friday"), and "up to / to the end of" in extent (до кінця́ "to the end," до сме́рті "to death").

Магази́н відкри́тий до десято́ї ве́чора, ще встигнемо.

The shop is open until ten in the evening, we'll still make it.

Він дочита́в кни́жку до кінця́ за одну́ ніч.

He read the book to the end in a single night.

Від: motion away from a source or person

Від (with its rarer variant од) is the mirror: motion or relation away from a source, a person, or an origin. It too governs the genitive.

Away from a thing or place

Відійди́ тро́хи від кра́ю платфо́рми — по́тяг ось-ось.

Step back a bit from the edge of the platform — the train's about to come.

Від мого́ до́му до робо́ти лиш п’ятна́дцять хвили́н пішки́.

From my house to work is only fifteen minutes on foot.

From a person — the source of a letter, a gift, a message

When something comes from a person, that is від + genitive: a letter from mum, a gift from Ivan, greetings from everyone.

Сього́дні прийшо́в лист від ма́ми — вона́ зно́ву кли́че в го́сті.

A letter from mum came today — she's inviting us over again.

Це пода́рунок від усіє́ї кома́нди, з днем наро́дження!

This is a present from the whole team, happy birthday!

"From" as a cause — від ра́дості, від хо́лоду

A favourite use: від + genitive to name the cause of a feeling or state — trembling from cold, crying from joy, tired from the heat.

Вона́ запла́кала від ща́стя, коли́ поба́чила всіх ра́зом.

She started crying from happiness when she saw everyone together.

ліки́ від — "medicine for / against"

Here is the use that trips everyone up. A remedy for an ailment is ліки́ від + genitive — literally "medicine from (against) the cough." Ukrainian does not use "для" here; the remedy works against the illness, so it takes від.

Да́йте, будь ла́ска, щось від ка́шлю — си́ну за́втра до шко́ли.

Please give me something for a cough — my son has school tomorrow.

Від голо́вного бо́лю мені́ найкра́ще допомага́є зви́чайна про́гулянка.

For a headache, an ordinary walk helps me best.

💡
"Medicine for X" is ліки́ від X (genitive), never ліки́ для X. The logic is that the medicine acts against the illness — таблетки від голови, спрей від комах, крем від засмаги. The same від appears in захист від (protection from), стра́хування від (insurance against). Reach for від, not для, whenever the meaning is "against / to counter."

The від… до… frame: spanning a range

Because they are opposites, від and до combine into a single frame meaning "from … to …" — across distances, times, and quantities. This is one of the most useful patterns in the language.

Я працю́ю від дев’я́тої до шо́стої, а в п’я́тницю — до тре́тьої.

I work from nine to six, and on Friday until three.

Він пройшо́в пішки́ всю доро́гу від Ки́єва до Льво́ва — це бли́зько п’ятисо́т кіломе́трів.

He walked the whole way on foot from Kyiv to Lviv — that's about five hundred kilometres.

Тут є все, від ди́тячих книжо́к до акаде́мічних моногра́фій.

Here you'll find everything, from children's books to academic monographs.

The idiom від ра́нку до ве́чора ("from morning till evening," i.e. all day long) is worth learning as a chunk, along with від поча́тку до кінця́ ("from start to finish").

Source-language comparison

For an English speaker, the friendliest fact is that до and від both take one case — the genitive — so there is no case-switching to track within the pair. The traps are semantic. (1) "To a person" is до, not "в/на": до лі́каря, до дру́га. English "I'm going to the doctor" tempts you toward a location preposition; resist it. (2) "From a person/source" is від: лист від ба́тька, not any other preposition. (3) The killer is ліки́ від — English "medicine for" makes для feel right, but Ukrainian sees the remedy as acting against the illness, so it is від.

For a learner from Russian, до and от/от- map closely, but use the Ukrainian form від (the variant од is regional/poetic), and keep ліки́ від rather than any "для"-style calque.

Common Mistakes

❌ Іду́ в лі́каря. (location preposition for 'to a person')

Incorrect — motion to a person is до + genitive: іду́ до лі́каря.

✅ Іду́ до лі́каря.

I'm going to the doctor — до + genitive of the person.

❌ ліки́ для ка́шлю

Incorrect — a remedy is ліки́ від + genitive (acting against the illness): ліки́ від ка́шлю.

✅ ліки́ від ка́шлю

medicine for a cough — від + genitive.

❌ лист від ма́ма

Incorrect — від governs the genitive: лист від ма́ми.

✅ лист від ма́ми

a letter from mum — від + genitive.

❌ По́тяг до Ки́їв.

Incorrect — до takes the genitive: до Ки́єва.

✅ По́тяг до Ки́єва.

The train to Kyiv — до + genitive.

❌ Працю́ю з дев’я́тої до шо́ста.

Incorrect — both ends of the frame take the genitive: від/з дев’я́тої до шо́стої.

✅ Працю́ю від дев’я́тої до шо́стої.

I work from nine to six — від… до… + genitive both ends.

Key Takeaways

  • До and від are a mirror pair, and both govern the genitive — one case for the whole axis.
  • До = motion toward a person (до лі́каря, до ба́бусі — not в/на!), a bounded place (до Ки́єва), or a limit (до восьмо́ї, до кінця́).
  • Від = motion/relation away from a source or person: лист від ма́ми, відійти́ від столу́, від ра́дості.
  • ліки́ від (not для) — a remedy acts against the illness; the same від gives захист від, стра́хування від.
  • The від… до… frame spans ranges: від ра́нку до ве́чора, від Ки́єва до Льво́ва.

Now practice Ukrainian

Reading grammar gets you part of the way. The exercises are where it sticks — free, no signup needed.

Start learning Ukrainian

Related Topics

  • Prepositions Governing the GenitiveA2The genitive governs the largest set of Ukrainian prepositions — the prepositions of absence, benefit, origin, bounded destination, proximity, sequence, and opposition: без, для, до, від, з/із/зі, бі́ля/ко́ло, по́близу, се́ред/посере́д, навко́ло/довко́ла, після, про́ти/навпро́ти, замість, крім/окрім, ра́ди/зара́ди, протя́гом, під час. The key insight for English speakers is that the rich meanings of English 'to', 'from', and 'for' fan out across several fixed genitive pairings — до (to a person / up to a limit), від (from a source), з (out of a place), для (for a beneficiary) — each learned as one unit.
  • До vs В/На for 'to' (Direction)B1The decision page for 'to/toward'. До + genitive for people, countries, institutions and bounded goals (до лі́каря, до Украї́ни, до шко́ли, до Ки́єва); в/у + accusative or на + accusative for 'into/onto' a space or event (в кімна́ту, на робо́ту, на конце́рт), mirroring the в/на location choice. Motion to a PERSON is always до — до Марі́ї, never в Марі́ю.
  • В/У vs На: A Persistent DifficultyB1The в/у-vs-на choice for English 'in/at/to' is one of Ukrainian's stubbornest puzzles because it does not map onto 'in' vs 'on'. The clean half of the rule is spatial — enclosed spaces and most place-names take в/у (в кімна́ті, в Украї́ні, у Льво́ві), while surfaces and open areas take на (на столі́, на ву́лиці). The messy half is a lexicalised set where на marks events, activities and certain institutions seen as functions rather than buildings (на робо́ті, на по́шті, на вокза́лі, на заво́ді), an idiosyncratic split you must learn word-by-word — so 'at work' is на робо́ті but 'at school' is в шко́лі. And one form is a political fault line: в Украї́ні is the only correct standard Ukrainian, на Україні the Russian-imperial relic.
  • Genitive Singular: FormsA2The genitive singular endings by declension — feminine -и/-і, neuter -а/-я, soft-feminine -і — and the famous masculine -а/-у split, where countable, animate, and short nouns take -а (бра́та, ножа́, Ки́єва) while abstract, mass, and many foreign place nouns take -у (цу́кру, снігу, Ло́ндону), a semantically-governed choice with no clean Russian parallel.
  • Motion vs Location: The Case SwitchA2The three-way pivot at the centre of Ukrainian prepositions: куди? (motion toward → accusative: іду в шко́лу, кладу́ на стіл, сів за стіл), де? (location → locative with в/на, instrumental with за/під/над: я в шко́лі, лежи́ть на столі́, сиди́ть за столо́м), and зві́дки? (origin → genitive: зі шко́ли, від ліка́ря). The same preposition keeps its shape; only the case changes — в шко́лу, в шко́лі, зі шко́ли differ by case alone — so mastering the куди/де/зві́дки question is the master key to the whole preposition system.
  • Prepositions and Case Government: OverviewA2The founding principle of the Ukrainian prepositional system: every preposition GOVERNS a case — you cannot use a preposition without putting its noun in the case it demands. Only five of the seven cases are governable (gen/dat/acc/instr/loc); some prepositions take different cases for different meanings (на + acc motion vs на + loc location; з + gen 'from' vs з + instr 'with'); and the relationship lives in the preposition AND the ending together, with euphonic variants (з/із/зі, у/в, від/од) chosen for sound.