Present Tense: -ę/-isz Verbs (Class II)

The -ę/-isz class is the workhorse of Polish conversation. It holds a huge share of common verbs — robić, mówić, lubić, widzieć — and once you know its six endings you can conjugate hundreds of them. There is one wrinkle to master: the 1sg and 3pl can soften a consonant that the other forms leave alone, so the "I" form sometimes looks a little different from the rest. We will make that wrinkle predictable.

The endings

Take the infinitive, drop -ić / -yć / -eć, and add the personal endings. The 2sg is -isz after a soft consonant and -ysz after a hard one (the difference is purely spelling — Polish writes y where i can't follow a hard consonant).

PersonEndingrobić → uczyć →
jarobięuczę
ty-isz / -yszrobiszuczysz
on / ona / ono-i / -yrobiuczy
my-imy / -ymyrobimyuczymy
wy-icie / -ycierobicieuczycie
oni / onerobiąuczą

The two diacritics that define this class are the nasal vowels at the edges: in the 1sg and in the 3pl. They frame the paradigm. Everything between them uses the -i- (or -y-) vowel: robisz, robi, robimy, robicie.

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The 1sg always ends in -ę and the 3pl always ends in -ą. If you ever write *robę or *robie for "I do," or *robiją for "they do," the nasal vowel is missing or misplaced. Lock those two endings in first.

High-frequency members

InfinitiveMeaningjatyoni / one
robićdo / makerobięrobiszrobią
mówićspeak / saymówięmówiszmówią
lubićlikelubięlubiszlubią
widziećseewidzęwidziszwidzą
słyszećhearsłyszęsłyszyszsłyszą
myślećthinkmyślęmyśliszmyślą
uczyć (się)teach / learnuczę (się)uczysz (się)uczą (się)
prosićask / requestproszęprosiszproszą

Co robisz w sobotę? Może wyskoczymy na rower?

What are you doing on Saturday? Maybe we'll go for a bike ride?

Nie mówię dobrze po niemiecku, ale rozumiem prawie wszystko.

I don't speak German well, but I understand almost everything.

Lubię tę kawiarnię — robią tu najlepszą kawę w mieście.

I like this café — they make the best coffee in town here.

Widzisz ten czerwony budynek? Skręć tam w lewo.

Do you see that red building? Turn left there.

Two of these — widzieć and słyszeć / myśleć — have -eć infinitives but still conjugate in this class (widzę, widzisz...; myślę, myślisz...). That is a reminder that the class is defined by the endings, not by the infinitive's last vowel.

The softening trap: prosić → proszę

Here is the wrinkle that surprises learners. In some Class II verbs, the consonant before the ending softens in the 1sg and 3pl but not in the other persons. The classic example is prosić ("to ask, to request"):

Personprosić (request)nosić (carry/wear)
japroszęnoszę
typrosisznosisz
on / ona / onoprosinosi
myprosimynosimy
wyprosicienosicie
oni / oneprosząnoszą

Look at the pattern. The 1sg and 3pl have sz (proszę, proszą / noszę, noszą), while the four middle forms keep the soft ś spelled before i (prosisz, prosi, prosimy, prosicie). The consonant change is ś → sz, and it happens precisely in the two nasal-vowel forms. Other consonants behave the same way: ź → ż, ć → c, dź → dz, ść → szcz. The mutation is regular within the class, and it is catalogued in full in the consonant-mutation reference.

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This is why you should always learn the 1sg of a Class II verb separately from the rest. proszę looks unrelated to prosisz, but it isn't — it is the same verb with the predictable 1sg/3pl softening. Lock in the "I" form and the rest follow.

Proszę o cierpliwość — zaraz wszystko wyjaśnię.

I ask for your patience — I'll explain everything in a moment.

Zimą noszę dwie pary skarpet, bo wiecznie marznę.

In winter I wear two pairs of socks because I'm always cold.

Uczę się polskiego od roku i powoli zaczynam rozumieć.

I've been learning Polish for a year and I'm slowly starting to understand.

Myślę, że jutro będzie ładna pogoda.

I think the weather will be nice tomorrow.

Why some -eć verbs land here and others don't

The infinitive ending -eć is the genuinely confusing part of this class, because it splits two ways. Widzieć ("see"), słyszeć ("hear"), myśleć ("think") and leżeć ("lie") are Class II verbs — their 2sg is widzisz, słyszysz, myślisz, leżysz, all with the -i-/-y- vowel. But other -eć verbs, like chcieć ("want") and umieć ("know how"), conjugate completely differently. There is no rule that lets you predict this from the infinitive alone, which is exactly why the 2sg form is the decider: if it ends in -isz/-ysz, the verb is Class II; if it ends in -esz or -em, it belongs elsewhere.

Słyszysz to? Chyba ktoś dzwoni do drzwi.

Do you hear that? I think someone's ringing the doorbell.

Dzieci jeszcze leżą w łóżkach, jest dopiero siódma.

The kids are still lying in bed, it's only seven o'clock.

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Don't let the -eć infinitive fool you. widzieć, słyszeć, myśleć and leżeć are full members of this -ę/-isz class despite ending in -eć. The class lives in the endings, never in the infinitive.

uczyć się and reflexive się placement

Uczyć appears twice in real Polish: uczyć kogoś means "to teach someone," but the far more common everyday verb is uczyć się ("to learn, to study"), with the reflexive particle się. The verb conjugates identically — uczę się, uczysz się, uczy się — and the się simply travels along with it. Note that uczyć się governs the genitive of what you're learning: uczę się polskiego ("I'm learning Polish"), not uczę się polski.

Uczysz się do egzaminu czy już skończyłeś?

Are you studying for the exam or have you already finished?

Uczę się gry na gitarze od miesiąca.

I've been learning to play the guitar for a month.

The placement of się is flexible — it can sit before or after the verb — but in a neutral sentence it usually follows it, and it never starts a sentence.

Common Mistakes

❌ Ja prosę o pomoc.

Incorrect — the 1sg of prosić softens to proszę (ś → sz).

✅ Proszę o pomoc.

I ask for help.

❌ Oni robiją obiad.

Incorrect — the 3pl ending is -ą: robią, not *robiją.

✅ Oni robią obiad.

They're making lunch.

❌ Ja widzę, ty widzę ten film?

Incorrect — the 2sg of widzieć is widzisz, not the 1sg form again.

✅ Widzisz ten film?

Do you see this film?

❌ Ja noszsz okulary.

Incorrect — the 1sg of nosić is noszę; -sz is part of the soft 'I' form, not an added ending.

✅ Noszę okulary.

I wear glasses.

❌ Mówie wolno, żebyś zrozumiał.

Incorrect — the 1sg must end in the nasal -ę: mówię.

✅ Mówię wolno, żebyś zrozumiał.

I'm speaking slowly so that you understand.

Key Takeaways

  • Endings: -ę, -isz/-ysz, -i/-y, -imy/-ymy, -icie/-ycie, -ą — with nasal vowels framing the 1sg (-ę) and 3pl (-ą).
  • -y- spellings appear after hard consonants (uczysz), -i- after soft ones (robisz); the choice is automatic.
  • The 1sg and 3pl can soften a consonant the middle forms keep: prosić → proszę / proszą but prosisz.
  • Always learn the 1sg of a Class II verb on its own — it reveals any softening; the four middle forms are uniform.

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Related Topics

  • The Four Conjugation PatternsA2How Polish present-tense verbs sort into four ending-patterns (-ę/-esz, -ę/-isz, -am/-asz, -em/-esz), with model verbs and the stem mutations that trip up beginners.
  • Consonant Mutation Reference TableB1The master table of Polish consonant alternations (alternacje) — every hard-to-soft mutation, its trigger, and where it surfaces in cases, verbs, comparatives and word formation.
  • lubić — to likeA1Full conjugation of lubić / polubić ('like' / 'come to like'): present lubię/lubisz/lubi…/lubią, past lubił, lubić + accusative noun or + infinitive, and how lubić splits from podobać się (the dative 'find appealing').
  • widzieć / zobaczyć — to seeB1Full reference for the aspect pair widzieć (impf, 'see') / zobaczyć (pf, 'see/catch sight of'): present widzę/widzisz…, future zobaczę/zobaczysz…, imperative zobacz — plus the staples zobaczymy ('we'll see') and do zobaczenia ('see you').
  • Present Tense: -am/-asz Verbs (Class III)A1The easiest, most regular Polish present-tense class — czytam, mieszkam, mam — with no stem mutation, and the one present tense that covers both 'I read' and 'I am reading'.