The tutup family separates a closing action from its result. Petugas menutup pintu centers the person who closes it; pintu ditutup reports the passive event; pintu tertutup describes the closed state. English close/closed often leaves that event–state distinction to context, but Indonesian marks it directly through the verb family.
Bare tutup also serves as a noun meaning lid, cap, or cover, as an imperative, and as a familiar schedule predicate. Penutupan packages a closure or closing ceremony as a noun. These are established lexical uses; general meN-, di-, ter-, and nominal formation is explained elsewhere.
No person or tense paradigm
Actor-voice menutup has no person, number, or tense endings. Separate words and context supply those readings.
| Frame | Indonesian | Interpretive cue |
|---|---|---|
| first person | Saya menutup toko. | saya; no agreement ending |
| third person | Dia menutup toko. | dia; same verb |
| plural | Mereka menutup toko. | mereka; same verb |
| completed | Kami sudah menutup toko. | separate sudah |
| ongoing | Dia sedang menutup toko. | separate sedang |
| future | Kami akan menutup toko. | separate akan |
Setiap malam saya menutup kios tepat pukul sembilan.
Every night I close the kiosk at exactly nine.
Tadi pemiliknya menutup toko lebih awal karena sakit.
Earlier the owner closed the shop early because of illness.
Mereka akan menutup cabang lama setelah masa sewa berakhir.
They will close the old branch after the lease ends.
No form corresponds to English closes or past closed. Bare tutup is not an infinitive used after every subject; its distribution follows the patterns below.
Menutup: an actor brings access or activity to an end
Menutup is transitive. Its object may be a door, container, opening, road, account, business, meeting, or discussion. The common logic is blocking access or bringing an activity to an endpoint.
Bima menutup jendela kamar sebelum menyalakan pendingin udara.
Bima closes the bedroom window before turning on the air conditioner.
Tolong tutup wadah itu rapat-rapat setelah mengambil gula.
Please close that container tightly after taking the sugar.
Polisi menutup jalan menuju pantai karena gelombang tinggi.
The police closed the road to the beach because of high waves.
Bank menutup rekening yang lama tidak aktif.
The bank closes accounts that have long been inactive.
Ketua sidang menutup pertemuan setelah semua usul dicatat.
The chair closed the meeting after all proposals had been recorded.
Mereka menutup pembicaraan dengan kesepakatan untuk bertemu lagi.
They concluded the discussion with an agreement to meet again.
Menutup toko is context-sensitive. It may mean close for the day or shut the business permanently. Time phrases such as malam ini versus mulai bulan depan normally resolve the difference.
Ditutup: the closing event in passive voice
Ditutup makes the affected entity the topic and still presents a closing event. The actor may follow directly, appear after oleh, or be omitted. It readily combines with an event time and an agent.
Pintu belakang ditutup petugas setelah semua tamu pulang.
The back door was closed by the attendant after all the guests left.
Jalan pesisir ditutup oleh polisi sejak pagi.
The coastal road has been closed by the police since morning.
Loket pembayaran akan ditutup pada pukul tiga.
The payment counter will close at three o'clock.
Akses ke ruang arsip ditutup sementara.
Access to the archive room is temporarily closed.
Restoran itu ditutup pemerintah daerah karena melanggar aturan kebersihan.
The restaurant was shut down by the local government for violating hygiene regulations.
The last example clearly reports an official action, not merely a closed-door state. Passive di- attaches to the base in ditutup, whereas locative di remains separate in ditutup di lokasi lama.
Tertutup: a state and its lexical extensions
Tertutup describes something as closed, covered from access, sealed, restricted, or not open to outsiders. It need not mention how the state arose.
Jendela ruang rapat tertutup rapat meskipun udara terasa panas.
The meeting-room window is tightly closed even though the air feels hot.
Kotak obat itu harus tetap tertutup dan kering.
The medicine box must remain closed and dry.
Lorong menuju panggung masih tertutup untuk pengunjung.
The corridor leading to the stage is still closed to visitors.
Rapat tersebut berlangsung secara tertutup tanpa kehadiran pers.
The meeting took place behind closed doors without the press. (formal)
Ia cenderung tertutup ketika ditanya tentang keluarganya.
He/She tends to be reserved when asked about family.
The physical state extends to institutional restriction (rapat tertutup) and personality (orang tertutup “a reserved person”). These are lexicalized interpretations, not passive events. Tertutup oleh awan can also mean covered or obscured by clouds; here oleh introduces the material producing the coverage, not a deliberate closing agent.
Puncak bukit tertutup kabut sejak menjelang sore.
The hilltop has been covered by mist since late afternoon.
The event–state contrast in one scene
The forms can describe consecutive perspectives on the same closure:
Seorang petugas menutup pintu ruang pameran pukul lima.
An attendant closes the exhibition-room door at five.
Pintu ruang pameran ditutup petugas pukul lima.
The exhibition-room door is closed by an attendant at five.
Setelah pukul lima, pintu ruang pameran tetap tertutup.
After five, the exhibition-room door remains closed.
The first is actor voice, the second passive event, and the third resultant state. Tertutup does not imply accident, and ditutup does not automatically mean the object is still closed now. The ter- choice guide develops this distinction across other lexical families.
Bare tutup: noun, command, and schedule predicate
As a noun, tutup means a lid, cap, cover, or closing piece and commonly modifies another noun. As a verb, it is normal in commands and conversational actor-first clauses (informal). It also describes business closure in everyday schedules.
Tutup botol ini retak sehingga airnya mudah tumpah.
This bottle cap is cracked, so the water spills easily.
Pasang kembali tutup kotaknya setelah selesai.
Put the box lid back on after you finish.
Tutup pintunya pelan-pelan; bayi sedang tidur.
Close the door gently; the baby is sleeping.
Aku tutup laptopnya dulu sebelum memasukkannya ke tas.
I'll close the laptop before putting it in the bag. (informal)
Pasar itu tutup pada Senin pertama setiap bulan.
That market is closed on the first Monday of every month.
In careful procedural writing, use menutup for a deliberate actor clause. Schedule tutup and noun tutup botol are nevertheless standard established patterns, not spelling shortcuts.
Penutupan: closure, shutdown, and closing ceremony
Penutupan is a noun for the act, process, or official event of closing (formal). Its complement identifies what is closed; context distinguishes physical closure, institutional shutdown, and a ceremonial conclusion.
Penutupan jalan diberlakukan selama perbaikan jembatan.
The road closure is in force during the bridge repair. (formal)
Warga menerima pemberitahuan tentang penutupan pasar sementara.
Residents received notice of the temporary market closure. (formal)
Acara penutupan dimulai dengan penyerahan penghargaan.
The closing ceremony begins with the presentation of awards. (formal)
Penutupan rekening harus diajukan secara tertulis.
Account closure must be requested in writing. (formal)
The noun penutup is related but names a closing part or an object that covers something: kata penutup “closing remarks,” penutup botol “bottle cap.” It does not normally replace the process noun penutupan.
Direktur menyampaikan kata penutup sebelum meninggalkan panggung.
The director delivered closing remarks before leaving the stage. (formal)
Menutup versus menutupi
The neighboring derivative menutupi often highlights covering a surface, concealing information, or obstructing a view. Menutup pintu closes an opening; menutupi meja dengan kain covers the table's surface.
Kain tebal itu menutupi seluruh permukaan meja.
The thick cloth covers the entire surface of the table.
Pihak perusahaan dituduh menutupi kesalahan dalam laporan.
The company was accused of concealing an error in the report. (formal)
This contrast is lexical and valency-based. Do not infer that -i merely makes menutup more formal.
Common Mistakes
1. Using tertutup as a transitive actor verb
❌ Penjaga tertutup pintu gudang setiap sore.
Incorrect — tertutup cannot take the deliberate actor's object here.
✅ Penjaga menutup pintu gudang setiap sore.
The guard closes the warehouse door every afternoon.
2. Reporting an agentive event with the state form
❌ Jalan itu tertutup oleh polisi pukul enam tadi.
Wrong for the intended deliberate police action.
✅ Jalan itu ditutup oleh polisi pukul enam tadi.
The road was closed by the police at six earlier.
3. Adding a copula before tertutup
❌ Ruang penyimpanan itu adalah tertutup untuk umum.
Incorrect — tertutup already functions as the predicate.
✅ Ruang penyimpanan itu tertutup untuk umum.
That storage room is closed to the public.
4. Splitting passive di-
❌ Pintu masuk akan di tutup selama latihan.
Incorrect spelling — passive di- attaches to tutup.
✅ Pintu masuk akan ditutup selama latihan.
The entrance will be closed during the drill.
5. Using penutupan for a physical lid
❌ Penutupan botol ini terlalu longgar.
Incorrect noun — penutupan is the closing process or event.
✅ Tutup botol ini terlalu longgar.
This bottle cap is too loose.
Key Takeaways
- Menutup centers a deliberate actor; ditutup is a passive closing event; tertutup is a closed or restricted state.
- Bare tutup is also a noun meaning lid or cap and a normal command or schedule predicate.
- Penutupan names closure or a closing event; penutup names a covering or closing part.
- Menutupi is a neighboring lexical verb for covering or concealing, not simply a formal version of menutup.
- Passive di- is attached, locative di is separate, and aspect words remain separate.
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- buka, membuka, and terbuka: Verb Family and UsageB1 — Separate deliberate opening, passive opening events, resultant open states, opening ceremonies, and benefactive bukakan.
- meN- Actor Voice: Overview and FormationA1 — Recognize meN- actor voice, form its main nasal variants, and build neutral clauses with an actor subject and optional object.
- di- Passive: Choosing This ConstructionA2 — Choose di- passive when an affected patient is the clause's topic, contrasting it with actor voice and pronoun-agent object voice across genres.
- ter- Involuntary and Stative Voice: Choosing This ConstructionC1 — Choose ter- when a result, low-control undergoer, or perceptible theme matters more than an intentional actor or bounded action.
- -i Applicative Patterns: Overview and FormationB2 — Recognize how -i stems select locations, goals, recipients, containers, and repeatedly affected targets as direct objects.
- masih: Still and Continuing StateA1 — Use masih to present an earlier activity, state, location, identity, or remaining quantity as continuing at the reference time.