The verb fél means “be afraid” or “fear.” The feared person, thing, or source takes the ablative ending -tól/-től: fél a vihartól, “is afraid of the storm.” An anticipated event may be expressed by a bare infinitive or by attól fél, hogy..., depending on whether the second event needs its own finite clause.
Fél is intransitive and has only the indefinite conjugation. It is spelled exactly like fél “half,” but the two are separate words with different syntax. The verb also contrasts aspectually with megijed: fél describes a state, while megijed describes becoming frightened. For the spatial source uses behind the same ending, see the ablative case.
Principal parts
| Infinitive | Present 3sg | Past 3sg | Imperative 2sg | Conditional 3sg | Present participle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| félni | fél | félt | félj | félne | félő |
The long é remains throughout: félek, féltem, félnék, félj. Present second-person plural féltek and past third-person plural féltek are identical in writing; the subject and time expression identify the reading.
A kisebbik kutya fél a tűzijáték hangjától.
The smaller dog is afraid of the sound of fireworks.
Present indicative
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| én | félek |
| te | félsz |
| ő / ön | fél |
| mi | félünk |
| ti | féltek |
| ők / önök | félnek |
There is no definite series such as félem/féli for this meaning. Even a named, definite source of fear remains an ablative complement and therefore does not control object agreement.
Sokan félnek a fogorvostól, pedig a vizsgálat általában nem fáj.
Many people are afraid of the dentist, even though the examination usually doesn't hurt.
Te mitől félsz a legjobban ezen a túrán?
What are you most afraid of on this hike? (informal)
Pronominal ablative forms replace the feared source: tőlem, tőled, tőle, tőlünk, tőletek, tőlük. English afraid of him/her/it therefore corresponds to fél tőle, not an accusative pronoun.
Past and conditional
| Person | Past | Conditional |
|---|---|---|
| én | féltem | félnék |
| te | féltél | félnél |
| ő / ön | félt | félne |
| mi | féltünk | félnénk |
| ti | féltetek | félnétek |
| ők / önök | féltek | félnének |
Gyerekkoromban féltem a mély víztől, de később megtanultam úszni.
As a child I was afraid of deep water, but later I learned to swim.
Egyedül nem félnék ezen az ösvényen, de a vihar miatt aggódom.
I wouldn't be afraid on this path alone, but I'm worried about the storm.
A tanúk attól féltek, hogy a nevük nyilvánosságra kerül.
The witnesses feared that their names would become public.
The analytic future is félni fogok, although present félek plus a future context is often more idiomatic: Félek, hogy holnap esni fog.
Imperative–subjunctive
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| én | féljek |
| te | félj / féljél |
| ő / ön | féljen |
| mi | féljünk |
| ti | féljetek |
| ők / önök | féljenek |
Negative Ne félj! is far more frequent than a positive command to be afraid. Long féljél is (informal) and can add insistence or emotional coloring.
Ne félj, végig melletted maradok!
Don't be afraid; I'll stay beside you the whole time! (informal)
Nem akarom, hogy a gyerekek féljenek megszólalni az órán.
I don't want the children to be afraid to speak in class.
Ahhoz, hogy óvatos legyen, nem kell állandóan félnie.
He/She does not have to be constantly afraid in order to be careful.
Infinitive and participles
The infinitive is félni; personal forms are félnem, félned, félnie, félnünk, félnetek, félniük.
Nem szégyen félnünk, amikor valódi veszélyben vagyunk.
There is no shame in our being afraid when we are in real danger.
| Form | Function | Register and example |
|---|---|---|
| félő | feared, giving cause for concern | félő, hogy...(formal) |
| félt | past form; rarely attributive for this verb | inkább relative clause |
| félendő | to be feared | félendő ellenfél (literary/rare) |
| félve | fearfully, while afraid | félve kérdez |
Félő, hogy a javítás többe kerül majd, mint maga a készülék.
It is feared that the repair will cost more than the device itself. (formal)
A gyakornok kissé félve kérdezett rá a határidőre.
The intern asked about the deadline somewhat apprehensively.
Do not confuse past félt “was afraid” with the separate transitive verb félt “worries about, protects.” The latter has past féltett and takes an object: Az anya félti a gyerekét “The mother fears for/protects her child.”
A noun source, an infinitive, or a clause
Use -tól/-től when the source is a noun phrase: fél a kudarctól. With a same-subject action, a bare infinitive is natural: fél kérdezni, “is afraid to ask.” With a finite proposition, use attól fél, hogy...; attól can be omitted when the frame is already clear.
Bence fél egyedül hazamenni ilyen későn.
Bence is afraid to go home alone this late.
Attól félek, hogy lekéssük az utolsó csatlakozást.
I'm afraid we'll miss the last connection.
A kutatók attól tartanak, hogy az adatsor nem elég hosszú.
The researchers fear that the data series is not long enough. (academic)
Attól félek, hogy... can report genuine fear, but it also works as a cautious prediction like English “I'm afraid that...”. In formal analytical prose, attól tart, hogy... is often the more restrained choice (formal).
Fél versus megijed
Fél is stative: the fear holds over a period. Megijed is inchoative: someone becomes frightened at a particular stimulus. Both can take -tól/-től, but their time profiles differ.
A kisfiú fél a kutyáktól, és tegnap egy hangos ugatástól meg is ijedt.
The little boy is afraid of dogs, and yesterday a loud bark startled him.
Nem ijedtem meg a zajtól, csak meglepődtem.
I wasn't frightened by the noise; I was only surprised.
Mitől ijedtél meg ennyire?
What frightened you so much? (informal)
Fél itself has no productive aspectual prefix. The related event verb megijed supplies the onset contrast; under negation or focus its prefix separates, as nem ijedtem meg and mitől ijedtél meg show.
The homonym fél “half”
Nonverbal fél means “half” before a measured noun: fél óra, fél kiló kenyér. In clock time, Hungarian names the approaching hour: fél három is 2:30, literally “half [toward] three.” It does not conjugate.
Fél óra múlva indul a következő vonat.
The next train leaves in half an hour.
Találkozzunk fél háromkor a főbejáratnál!
Let's meet at half past two at the main entrance! (informal)
Context normally prevents ambiguity: félek can only be the verb, while fél kiló can only contain “half.” Preserve the accent in both words.
Common Mistakes
❌ Félek a nagy kutyát.
Incorrect accusative complement: fél requires -tól/-től.
✅ Félek a nagy kutyától.
I'm afraid of the big dog.
❌ Ő féli a sötétséget.
Incorrect definite conjugation for intransitive fél.
✅ Ő fél a sötétségtől.
He/She is afraid of the dark.
❌ Tegnap egész este félettem.
Incorrect past form: the stem takes -tem directly.
✅ Tegnap egész este féltem.
I was afraid all evening yesterday.
❌ Fél három azt jelenti, hogy három óra harminc perc.
Incorrect interpretation: Hungarian counts toward the next hour.
✅ Fél három azt jelenti, hogy két óra harminc perc.
Fél három means half past two.
Key Takeaways
- Fél valakitől/valamitől takes ablative -tól/-től and no object conjugation.
- Same-subject feared actions can use an infinitive; propositions use (attól) fél, hogy....
- Fél describes fear as a state, whereas megijed means becoming frightened.
- Past félt is not transitive present félt, whose past is féltett.
- Nonverbal fél means “half”; fél három is 2:30.
Now practice Hungarian
Reading grammar gets you part of the way. The exercises are where it sticks — free, no signup needed.
Start learning Hungarian →Related Topics
- érez: Complete Conjugation and UsageA2 — Conjugate érez and use sensation objects, érzi magát, hogy clauses, stem alternations, prefixes, and causative éreztet.
- Non-Nominative Experiencers: Forms and Core PatternB1 — Build Hungarian clauses in which the person who feels, needs, or possesses something is dative and the stimulus or theme is nominative.
- The Ablative -tól/-től: Forms and Core PatternA2 — Form Hungarian ablatives for movement away, personal sources, separation, causes, source-like agents, and standards of difference.
- The Infinitive in -ni: Forms and Core PatternA1 — Build Hungarian -ni infinitives, recognize linking-vowel and irregular forms, and understand their basic control and personal endings.
- The Imperative–Subjunctive Paradigm: Forms and Core PatternA2 — Build Hungarian imperative–subjunctive forms across subject persons, object agreement, stem assimilation, and prefixed verbs.
- Verbal Prefixes: Lexicon, Direction, and Telicity: Forms and Core PatternA1 — Recognize and build Hungarian prefixed verbs for direction, lexical meaning, event boundaries, and changed valency.