κερδίζω collapses four English verbs — win, earn, gain, beat — into one, and nothing in the verb tells you which is meant. The object does all of that work, which makes this a card about complements rather than about forms: the morphology is entirely regular.
Principal parts
| Slot | Forms | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Present | κερδίζω, κερδίζεις, κερδίζει, κερδίζουμε, κερδίζετε, κερδίζουν(ε) | |
| Imperfect | κέρδιζα, κέρδιζες, κέρδιζε, κερδίζαμε, κερδίζατε, κέρδιζαν | |
| Aorist | κέρδισα, κέρδισες, κέρδισε, κερδίσαμε, κερδίσατε, κέρδισαν | ζ → σ, not ξ |
| Dependent | κερδίσω — θα κερδίσω, να κερδίσω | |
| Imperative | κέρδισε / κερδίστε | |
| Perfect | έχω / είχα κερδίσει | |
| Gerund | κερδίζοντας | by winning, by earning |
| Mediopassive | κερδίζομαι, aorist κερδήθηκα, dependent κερδηθώ | almost always third person — see below |
| -μένος participle | κερδισμένος, -η, -ο | of a person: ahead, having come out on top |
There is no ×κέρδιξα. Verbs in -ζω split two ways in the aorist and the split is lexical, not phonological: παίζω gives έπαιξα, φωνάζω gives φώναξα, but κερδίζω gives κέρδισα. Most -ίζω verbs go the -σα way, though not all of them — στηρίζω gives στήριξα — so the aorist is learned with the verb, and the consonant merges page is where the lists live.
The mediopassive is not missing, but it is narrow: it takes the thing won as subject and stays in the third person — Ο αγώνας κερδήθηκε, Ο τίτλος κερδίζεται. When the winner is a person, Greek reaches for the participle instead: βγήκα κερδισμένος.
Ο αγώνας κερδήθηκε στο τελευταίο λεπτό.
o aghónas kerdhíthike sto teleftéo leptó
The match was won in the last minute.
Βγήκα κερδισμένος από όλη αυτή την ιστορία.
vyíka kerdhizménos apó óli aftí tin istoría
I came out of the whole business ahead.
The object decides which verb it is
Κερδίσαμε τον τελικό στα πέναλτι, μετά από δύο παρατάσεις.
kerdhísame ton telikó sta pénalti, metá apó dhío paratásis
We won the final on penalties, after two periods of extra time.
Κερδίζει καλά λεφτά, αλλά δεν βλέπει ποτέ τα παιδιά του.
kerdhízi kalá leftá, alá dhen vlépi poté ta pedhiá tu
He earns good money, but he never sees his children.
Φύγαμε νωρίτερα και κερδίσαμε δύο ώρες.
fíghame norítera ke kerdhísame dhío óres
We left earlier and gained two hours.
Κέρδισε την εμπιστοσύνη τους μέσα σε έναν μήνα.
kérdhise tin embistosíni tus mésa se énan mína
She won their trust inside a month.
A contest gives win, an amount gives earn, an abstract noun like χρόνο, έδαφος, εμπιστοσύνη gives gain — and a person gives beat.
Τον κέρδισα στο τάβλι τρεις φορές στη σειρά.
ton kérdhisa sto távli tris forés sti sirá
I beat him at backgammon three times running.
It does not mirror χάνω
Here is the asymmetry that catches everyone. χάνω puts the opponent in a prepositional phrase with από; κερδίζω puts the same opponent in the bare accusative. The two frames are not mirror images, so a sentence with both verbs in it changes construction halfway through.
Χάσαμε από τον Ολυμπιακό στο πρωτάθλημα και τον κερδίσαμε στο κύπελλο.
chásame apó ton Olimbiakó sto protáthlima ke ton kerdhísame sto kípelo
We lost to Olympiakos in the league and beat them in the cup.
The logic behind the split is worth having, because it makes both frames memorable. κερδίζω acquires, and what you acquire is the thing in the accusative — the match, the money, or the opponent, who is now yours to have beaten. χάνω comes off worse, and its από marks the party at whose hands that happened — the same από as in τρώω ξύλο από κάποιον, "get a hiding from someone".
Keep κερδίζω apart from νικάω as well. νικάω defeats an opponent and does nothing else; κερδίζω acquires — the win, the money, the ground. Both take a person in the accusative, Τον κερδίσαμε and Τον νικήσαμε, but only κερδίζω can take λεφτά, χρόνο or έδαφος.
Government
| Frame | Example | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| accusative — a contest | Κερδίσαμε τον τελικό. | win |
| accusative — a person | Τον κερδίσαμε 3-1. | beat, with no preposition |
| accusative — an amount | Κερδίζει χίλια πεντακόσια τον μήνα. | earn |
| accusative — an abstract noun | Κέρδισε χρόνο / έδαφος. | gain |
σε
| Κέρδισα στο τάβλι. | the game or the field played in |
από
| Τι κέρδισες από αυτό; | the source of the gain |
| mediopassive, third person | Ο τίτλος κερδήθηκε δίκαια. | be won |
Τι κέρδισες από αυτό; Τίποτα.
ti kérdhises apó aftó; típota
What did you get out of it? Nothing.
Set phrases
| Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| κερδίζω χρόνο | save time, gain time |
| κερδίζω έδαφος | gain ground |
| κερδίζω τα προς το ζην | earn a living (formal) |
| κερδίζω τις εντυπώσεις | make a great impression — to steal the show is κλέβω την παράσταση |
| βγαίνω κερδισμένος / χαμένος | come out ahead / worse off |
| Όποιος χάνει στα χαρτιά, κερδίζει στην αγάπη. | unlucky at cards, lucky in love |
| κερδίζω στα σημεία | win on points, when the judges decide it |
| Δεν έχεις τίποτα να κερδίσεις. | there's nothing in it for you |
Κερδίζει τα προς το ζην γράφοντας υπότιτλους.
kerdhízi ta pros to zin ghráfondas ipótitlus
She earns her living writing subtitles.
Κέρδισε τις εντυπώσεις με τον λόγο του στο συνέδριο.
kérdhise tis endipósis me ton lógho tu sto sinédhrio
He made a real impression with his speech at the conference.
Key Takeaways
- κερδίζω · κέρδιζα · κέρδισα · κερδίσω · έχω κερδίσει · κερδίζοντας. No ×κέρδιξα — this one is in the -σα camp, and the -ζω aorist has to be learned verb by verb.
- The object picks the English verb: contest = win, amount = earn, abstract noun = gain, person = beat.
- The beaten opponent is a bare accusative — Τον κερδίσαμε — where χάνω uses από. The two verbs do not mirror.
- The mediopassive is third-person and about things: Ο αγώνας κερδήθηκε. People take κερδισμένος instead.
- νικάω defeats; κερδίζω acquires. Only κερδίζω takes λεφτά, χρόνο, έδαφος.
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Start learning Greek →Related Topics
- χάνω (to lose)A2 — The widest-scope loss verb in Greek: lose, miss, waste in the active, vanish and get lost in the mediopassive — and the μου χάθηκε construction, which reports a loss without naming anyone as the person who lost it.
- πληρώνω (to pay)A2 — The verb where the mediopassive is the one you need most: πληρώνομαι is ordinary Greek for 'I get paid' and 'I earn'. Plus the double accusative — the bill and the plumber are the same kind of object — and what πληρωμένος actually describes.
- Aorist Consonant Merges (-ψα, -ξα, -σα)B1 — The reading skill that unlocks the aorist: every aorist hides the same perfective -σα, and the ending you see (-ψα, -ξα or -σα) tells you what consonant it landed on. Read the merge backwards — -ψα points to a labial verb, -ξα to a velar, -σα to a dental or -νω verb — and you can recover the present of an aorist you've never met. Includes the honest -ζω split (παίζω → έπαιξα but νομίζω → νόμισα).