κερδίζω (to win/earn)

κερδίζω collapses four English verbs — win, earn, gain, beat — into one, and nothing in the verb tells you which is meant. The object does all of that work, which makes this a card about complements rather than about forms: the morphology is entirely regular.

Principal parts

SlotFormsNote
Presentκερδίζω, κερδίζεις, κερδίζει, κερδίζουμε, κερδίζετε, κερδίζουν(ε)
Imperfectκέρδιζα, κέρδιζες, κέρδιζε, κερδίζαμε, κερδίζατε, κέρδιζαν
Aoristκέρδισα, κέρδισες, κέρδισε, κερδίσαμε, κερδίσατε, κέρδισανζ → σ, not ξ
Dependentκερδίσω — θα κερδίσω, να κερδίσω
Imperativeκέρδισε / κερδίστε
Perfectέχω / είχα κερδίσει
Gerundκερδίζονταςby winning, by earning
Mediopassiveκερδίζομαι, aorist κερδήθηκα, dependent κερδηθώalmost always third person — see below
-μένος participleκερδισμένος, -η, -οof a person: ahead, having come out on top

There is no ×κέρδιξα. Verbs in -ζω split two ways in the aorist and the split is lexical, not phonological: παίζω gives έπαιξα, φωνάζω gives φώναξα, but κερδίζω gives κέρδισα. Most -ίζω verbs go the -σα way, though not all of them — στηρίζω gives στήριξα — so the aorist is learned with the verb, and the consonant merges page is where the lists live.

The mediopassive is not missing, but it is narrow: it takes the thing won as subject and stays in the third person — Ο αγώνας κερδήθηκε, Ο τίτλος κερδίζεται. When the winner is a person, Greek reaches for the participle instead: βγήκα κερδισμένος.

Ο αγώνας κερδήθηκε στο τελευταίο λεπτό.

o aghónas kerdhíthike sto teleftéo leptó

The match was won in the last minute.

Βγήκα κερδισμένος από όλη αυτή την ιστορία.

vyíka kerdhizménos apó óli aftí tin istoría

I came out of the whole business ahead.

The object decides which verb it is

Κερδίσαμε τον τελικό στα πέναλτι, μετά από δύο παρατάσεις.

kerdhísame ton telikó sta pénalti, metá apó dhío paratásis

We won the final on penalties, after two periods of extra time.

Κερδίζει καλά λεφτά, αλλά δεν βλέπει ποτέ τα παιδιά του.

kerdhízi kalá leftá, alá dhen vlépi poté ta pedhiá tu

He earns good money, but he never sees his children.

Φύγαμε νωρίτερα και κερδίσαμε δύο ώρες.

fíghame norítera ke kerdhísame dhío óres

We left earlier and gained two hours.

Κέρδισε την εμπιστοσύνη τους μέσα σε έναν μήνα.

kérdhise tin embistosíni tus mésa se énan mína

She won their trust inside a month.

A contest gives win, an amount gives earn, an abstract noun like χρόνο, έδαφος, εμπιστοσύνη gives gain — and a person gives beat.

Τον κέρδισα στο τάβλι τρεις φορές στη σειρά.

ton kérdhisa sto távli tris forés sti sirá

I beat him at backgammon three times running.

It does not mirror χάνω

Here is the asymmetry that catches everyone. χάνω puts the opponent in a prepositional phrase with από; κερδίζω puts the same opponent in the bare accusative. The two frames are not mirror images, so a sentence with both verbs in it changes construction halfway through.

Χάσαμε από τον Ολυμπιακό στο πρωτάθλημα και τον κερδίσαμε στο κύπελλο.

chásame apó ton Olimbiakó sto protáthlima ke ton kerdhísame sto kípelo

We lost to Olympiakos in the league and beat them in the cup.

💡
Greek has no "win against". εναντίον + genitive is a live preposition — παίζω εναντίον του, προσφυγή εναντίον της εταιρείας — so Κέρδισα εναντίον του is understandable rather than broken, but it is simply not how a result is ever reported. The form to use is the object clitic: Τον κέρδισα.

The logic behind the split is worth having, because it makes both frames memorable. κερδίζω acquires, and what you acquire is the thing in the accusative — the match, the money, or the opponent, who is now yours to have beaten. χάνω comes off worse, and its από marks the party at whose hands that happened — the same από as in τρώω ξύλο από κάποιον, "get a hiding from someone".

Keep κερδίζω apart from νικάω as well. νικάω defeats an opponent and does nothing else; κερδίζω acquires — the win, the money, the ground. Both take a person in the accusative, Τον κερδίσαμε and Τον νικήσαμε, but only κερδίζω can take λεφτά, χρόνο or έδαφος.

Government

FrameExampleReading
accusative — a contestΚερδίσαμε τον τελικό.win
accusative — a personΤον κερδίσαμε 3-1.beat, with no preposition
accusative — an amountΚερδίζει χίλια πεντακόσια τον μήνα.earn
accusative — an abstract nounΚέρδισε χρόνο / έδαφος.gain
σε
  • accusative
Κέρδισα στο τάβλι.the game or the field played in
από
  • accusative
Τι κέρδισες από αυτό;the source of the gain
mediopassive, third personΟ τίτλος κερδήθηκε δίκαια.be won

Τι κέρδισες από αυτό; Τίποτα.

ti kérdhises apó aftó; típota

What did you get out of it? Nothing.

Set phrases

PhraseMeaning
κερδίζω χρόνοsave time, gain time
κερδίζω έδαφοςgain ground
κερδίζω τα προς το ζηνearn a living (formal)
κερδίζω τις εντυπώσειςmake a great impression — to steal the show is κλέβω την παράσταση
βγαίνω κερδισμένος / χαμένοςcome out ahead / worse off
Όποιος χάνει στα χαρτιά, κερδίζει στην αγάπη.unlucky at cards, lucky in love
κερδίζω στα σημείαwin on points, when the judges decide it
Δεν έχεις τίποτα να κερδίσεις.there's nothing in it for you

Κερδίζει τα προς το ζην γράφοντας υπότιτλους.

kerdhízi ta pros to zin ghráfondas ipótitlus

She earns her living writing subtitles.

Κέρδισε τις εντυπώσεις με τον λόγο του στο συνέδριο.

kérdhise tis endipósis me ton lógho tu sto sinédhrio

He made a real impression with his speech at the conference.

Key Takeaways

  • κερδίζω · κέρδιζα · κέρδισα · κερδίσω · έχω κερδίσει · κερδίζοντας. No ×κέρδιξα — this one is in the -σα camp, and the -ζω aorist has to be learned verb by verb.
  • The object picks the English verb: contest = win, amount = earn, abstract noun = gain, person = beat.
  • The beaten opponent is a bare accusative — Τον κερδίσαμε — where χάνω uses από. The two verbs do not mirror.
  • The mediopassive is third-person and about things: Ο αγώνας κερδήθηκε. People take κερδισμένος instead.
  • νικάω defeats; κερδίζω acquires. Only κερδίζω takes λεφτά, χρόνο, έδαφος.

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Related Topics

  • χάνω (to lose)A2The widest-scope loss verb in Greek: lose, miss, waste in the active, vanish and get lost in the mediopassive — and the μου χάθηκε construction, which reports a loss without naming anyone as the person who lost it.
  • πληρώνω (to pay)A2The verb where the mediopassive is the one you need most: πληρώνομαι is ordinary Greek for 'I get paid' and 'I earn'. Plus the double accusative — the bill and the plumber are the same kind of object — and what πληρωμένος actually describes.
  • Aorist Consonant Merges (-ψα, -ξα, -σα)B1The reading skill that unlocks the aorist: every aorist hides the same perfective -σα, and the ending you see (-ψα, -ξα or -σα) tells you what consonant it landed on. Read the merge backwards — -ψα points to a labial verb, -ξα to a velar, -σα to a dental or -νω verb — and you can recover the present of an aorist you've never met. Includes the honest -ζω split (παίζω → έπαιξα but νομίζω → νόμισα).