tarvita ('to need')

Tarvita ("to need") is the essential Type 5 verb, and Type 5 is the one class where the dictionary form actively lies to you. The infinitive ends in -ita, but the moment you conjugate, a hidden -tse- appears: tarvita → tarvitsen. You cannot guess this from the infinitive — it is the defining signature of the class, and its twin valita ("to choose") behaves identically (valita → valitsen). Learn tarvita well and every Type 5 verb falls into place. The model of the class is tarvita itself.

Principal parts

InfinitivePresent 1sgPresent 3sgPast 1sgPast participle
tarvitatarvitsentarvitseetarvitsintarvinnut

Two things to fix in memory. First, the present stem is tarvitse-, not tarvi-: you conjugate tarvitsen, tarvitset…. Second, the past participle tarvinnut drops the -tse- entirely — it is built on the consonant stem tarvit- (tarvit- + -nut → tarvinnut), so it is emphatically not *tarvitsenut.

Indicative (active)

PersonPresentPast (imperfect)Perfect
minätarvitsentarvitsinolen tarvinnut
sinätarvitsettarvitsitolet tarvinnut
häntarvitseetarvitsion tarvinnut
metarvitsemmetarvitsimmeolemme tarvinneet
tetarvitsettetarvitsitteolette tarvinneet
hetarvitsevattarvitsivatovat tarvinneet

Tarvitsen apua tämän lomakkeen kanssa.

I need help with this form.

Tarvitsimme uuden jääkaapin, kun vanha hajosi kesken juhlien.

We needed a new fridge when the old one broke down in the middle of the party.

En ole koskaan tarvinnut lääkäriä täällä maalla.

I've never needed a doctor here in the countryside.

Conditional, imperative, passive

PersonConditionalImperative
minätarvitsisin
sinätarvitsisittarvitse!
häntarvitsisitarvitkoon (formal)
metarvitsisimmetarvitkaamme (formal)
tetarvitsisittetarvitkaa (rare)
hetarvitsisivattarvitkoot (formal)

The passive builds on the consonant stem tarvit-: present tarvitaan, past tarvittiin, perfect on tarvittu, past passive participle tarvittu. The negative leaves the connegative tarvitse (present) or tarvinnut / tarvinneet (past): en tarvitse, emme tarvinneet.

Tässä työssä tarvitaan ennen kaikkea kärsivällisyyttä.

This job requires patience above all.

Tarvitsisin vielä vähän aikaa, ennen kuin olen valmis.

I'd need a little more time before I'm ready.

Object aspect: what you need

Tarvita governs an aspectual object. The partitive is the default — it fits mass nouns and open-ended needs (tarvitsen rahaa "I need [some] money"). The total accusative appears when the need is a specific, bounded whole you mean to obtain (tarvitsen sen avaimen "I need that key").

Tarvitsetko kyydin asemalle vai meneekö bussi?

Do you need a ride to the station, or does the bus go there?

Mitä sinä tarvitset reissulle — muistitko passin?

What do you need for the trip — did you remember your passport?

ei tarvitse — "don't have to"

Negated, tarvita joins the necessity verbs (täytyä, pitää): it takes a genitive subject and a following infinitive, and ei tarvitse means "there is no need to / doesn't have to" — a gentle relief, not a prohibition.

Sinun ei tarvitse odottaa minua, mene vain edeltä.

You don't have to wait for me, just go on ahead.

Ei tässä tarvitse kiirehtiä, ehdimme hyvin.

There's no need to hurry here, we have plenty of time.

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The infinitive tarvita conceals the present stem: there is no way to derive tarvitsen from tarvita by rule — the -tse- is the fingerprint of Type 5. Anchor the class with the pair tarvita → tarvitsen and valita → valitsen ("choose"), which inflect identically. See finding the stem.
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In the "don't have to" sense, the subject is genitive: sinun ei tarvitse, meidän ei tarvitse — exactly like minun täytyy. It is softer than et saa ("you may not"): ei tarvitse removes an obligation, it does not impose one.

Common Mistakes

❌ Minä tarvin apua.

Incorrect — conjugated off the infinitive; the present stem is tarvitse-, so it's tarvitsen.

✅ Minä tarvitsen apua.

I need help.

❌ Olen aina tarvitsenut sinua.

Incorrect — the participle collapses the -tse-: tarvinnut, not *tarvitsenut.

✅ Olen aina tarvinnut sinua.

I've always needed you.

❌ Sinä ei tarvitse tulla, jos olet väsynyt.

Incorrect — 'don't have to' takes a genitive subject: sinun ei tarvitse.

✅ Sinun ei tarvitse tulla, jos olet väsynyt.

You don't have to come if you're tired.

❌ Tarvitsen apu ja neuvo.

Incorrect — the object of tarvita is partitive here: apua ja neuvoja.

✅ Tarvitsen apua ja neuvoja.

I need help and advice.

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Related Topics

  • Model Verb Type 5: tarvita — Full ConjugationB1The complete paradigm of tarvita (to need), the model for Type 5 -ita/-itä verbs: the -ita infinitive hides a -tse- stem, tarvitsen, but the participle is tarvinnut.
  • Verb Type 5: -ita/-itä Verbs (tarvita)A2A small but high-frequency class: -ita/-itä verbs replace the ending with -itse- — tarvita → tarvitsen, valita → valitsen.
  • The Partitive Object and Its TriggersB1Four things force a partitive object: negation, ongoing action, mass/indefinite quantity, and partitive-governing verbs like rakastaa and odottaa.
  • Finding the Verb Stem from the InfinitiveA2A practical decision procedure: read the infinitive's ending, identify the verb type, and derive the present stem — with a one-glance table of all six types.
  • Negating the Present: en puhuA1Combine the negative verb with the connegative to negate the Finnish present — en puhu, ei tule, eivät tiedä — and note that negation forces a partitive object.