rakastaa ('to love')

Rakastaa ("to love") is conjugationally easy and syntactically strict. It is a clean Type 1 verb built on the stem rakasta- with no consonant gradation, so every ending appears in its textbook shape. The one thing you must never get wrong is its object: rakastaa is an inherently partitive verb, and the thing you love always stands in the partitiverakastan sinua, never *rakastan sinut.

Principal parts

InfinitivePresent 1sgPresent 3sgPast 1sgPast participle
rakastaarakastanrakastaarakastinrakastanut

Drop the -a → stem rakasta-. The dictionary form rakastaa is identical to the 3sg present. The past drops the stem vowel before -i- (rakasta- → rakast-), giving rakastin, rakasti — and because the t sits after s in the cluster st, there is no assibilation: the past is rakasti, never *rakasi.

Present and past

PersonPresentPast (imperfect)
minärakastanrakastin
sinärakastatrakastit
hänrakastaarakasti
merakastammerakastimme
terakastatterakastitte
herakastavatrakastivat
negativeen rakastaen rakastanut / emme rakastaneet

Rakastan sinua enemmän kuin osaan sanoa.

I love you more than I can say.

Lapsena rakastin suklaata yli kaiken.

As a child I loved chocolate above all else.

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Because the stem vowels are back vowels (a, a), rakastaa is back-vocalic and takes the -a / -vat / -kaa variants of every ending: rakastavat, rakastakaa, rakastetaan. There is never a front-vowel ending anywhere in the paradigm.

Perfect, conditional, imperative

Compound tenses use olla + rakastanut (plural rakastaneet). The conditional rakastaisi is everyday ("I'd love to…"). The imperative is naturally emphatic and mostly appears in fixed exhortations.

PersonPerfectConditionalImperative
minäolen rakastanutrakastaisin
sinäolet rakastanutrakastaisitrakasta!
hänon rakastanutrakastaisirakastakoon (formal)
meolemme rakastaneetrakastaisimmerakastakaamme (formal)
teolette rakastaneetrakastaisitterakastakaa
heovat rakastaneetrakastaisivatrakastakoot (formal)

En ole koskaan rakastanut ketään näin paljon.

I've never loved anyone this much.

Rakastaisin talvea enemmän, jos ei olisi näin pimeää.

I'd love winter more if it weren't so dark.

Passive

TenseAffirmativeNegative
presentrakastetaanei rakasteta
pastrakastettiinei rakastettu
perfecton rakastettuei ole rakastettu

The stem-final -a shifts to -e- before the passive marker (rakasta- → rakaste-): present rakastetaan (single t), past rakastettiin and participle rakastettu (double t).

Suomessa rakastetaan kesämökkejä ja pitkiä kesäiltoja.

In Finland people love summer cottages and long summer evenings.

Rection: the object is always partitive

This is the whole point of the page. Loving is atelic — it has no endpoint, no moment where the loving is "completed" — so its object can never be a total object. Finnish marks this with the partitive, every single time, whether you love a person, a place, a food, or an activity. There is no *rakastan sinut, no *rakastan kahvin. See the wider family of partitive-only verbs.

Rakastan kahvia, mutta iltaisin juon mieluummin teetä.

I love coffee, but in the evenings I'd rather drink tea.

Äiti rakastaa lapsiaan enemmän kuin mitään muuta maailmassa.

A mother loves her children more than anything else in the world.

The pronoun objects to memorise are rakastan sinua (you), häntä (him/her), teitä (you pl.), heitä (them) — all partitive.

💡
Compare pitää, the milder "to like", which instead takes the elative: pidän sinusta ("I like you"). So Finnish grades affection by case as well as by verb: pidän sinusta (I like you) < rakastan sinua (I love you). Getting the case right is half of getting the feeling right.

Don't confuse rakastaa with rakastua

To say you fall in love, Finnish switches to a different verb entirely: rakastua, and it governs the illative (-Vn), not a partitive object. Rakastua sinuun is "to fall in love with you"; the -un ending points into the new state.

Rakastuin häneen heti ensi silmäyksellä.

I fell in love with him at first sight.

The everyday idiom rakastaa yli kaiken ("to love above all") pairs yli with the genitive kaiken; it is fixed, so learn it as a chunk.

Rakasta lähimmäistäsi niin kuin itseäsi.

Love your neighbour as yourself.

Common Mistakes

❌ Rakastan sinut.

Incorrect — the object of rakastaa is always partitive, never a total object.

✅ Rakastan sinua.

I love you.

❌ Rakastan kahvi joka aamu.

Incorrect — the object stays partitive: kahvia.

✅ Rakastan kahvia joka aamu.

I love coffee every morning.

❌ Rakastan häneen jo lukiossa.

Incorrect — 'fall in love' is the separate verb rakastua + illative.

✅ Rakastuin häneen jo lukiossa.

I fell in love with her back in high school.

❌ Olen aina rakastannut merta.

Incorrect — the participle has a single n: rakastanut.

✅ Olen aina rakastanut merta.

I've always loved the sea.

❌ Minä rakastaa sinua.

Incorrect — rakastaa is the 3sg; the 1sg is rakastan.

✅ Minä rakastan sinua.

I love you.

Key Takeaways

  • Stem rakasta-, no gradation; back-vocalic, so -vat / -kaa / -taan. Past rakastin / rakasti — no assibilation.
  • Partitive object, always: rakastan sinua, kahvia, Suomea — loving is atelic, so a total object is impossible.
  • Two verbs, two frames: rakastaa jotakuta (love + partitive) vs rakastua johonkuhun (fall in love + illative).
  • Milder pitää "like" takes the elative (pidän sinusta); the case marks the depth of feeling.

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Related Topics

  • Verbs Governing the Partitive: rakastaa, odottaaB1The verbs whose complement is partitive by government — rakastaa, odottaa, auttaa, etsiä, pelätä, ajatella, muistuttaa — plus the aspectual borderline (katsoa, kuunnella, tarvita).
  • The Partitive Object and Its TriggersB1Four things force a partitive object: negation, ongoing action, mass/indefinite quantity, and partitive-governing verbs like rakastaa and odottaa.
  • pitää ('to like / must / hold')A2Full conjugation of pitää (Type 1, t↔d gradation) plus its three constructions: like (elative), must (necessive), and hold/keep (object).
  • Liking: pitää + Elative, tykätäA2Expressing liking in Finnish — pitää and its everyday synonym tykätä both govern the elative (pidän kahvista), while rakastaa 'love' governs the partitive (rakastan kahvia). Three verbs, three different cases you must not copy from English.
  • Verb Type 1: -Va Verbs (puhua, ostaa)A1The largest class: drop the final -a/-ä for the stem, add endings, double the vowel in the third person; consonant gradation weakens four of six forms.