myydä ('to sell')

Myydä ("to sell") is the transactional mirror of ostaa ("to buy"). It is a Type 2 verb — infinitive -dä bolted onto the long stem myy-with no consonant gradation, so every finite form is built on that one stem. Two things trip English speakers up: the contracting past (myy → myi, never *myyi), and the case frame around the sale — who gets marked as the buyer, and how you state the price.

Principal parts

InfinitivePresent 1sgPresent 3sgPast 3sgPast participle
myydämyynmyymyimyynyt

Like all Type 2 verbs, the 3sg present is ending-less (myy, not *myyy or *myyi), and the past shortens the long vowel before -i-: myy- → my- + i → myi. The participle myynyt (plural myyneet) simply adds -nyt to the stem.

Present and past

PersonPresentPast (imperfect)
minämyynmyin
sinämyytmyit
hänmyymyi
memyymmemyimme
temyyttemyitte
hemyyvätmyivät
negativeen myyen myynyt / emme myyneet

Myin vanhan autoni netissä yhdessä viikossa.

I sold my old car online in a single week.

He myivät kaikki liput jo ennen konsertin alkua.

They sold all the tickets before the concert even started.

💡
The past is the whole difficulty: myi (3sg), myin (1sg), myivät (3pl). The long yy collapses to a single y before the past marker -i-, exactly as syödä → söi and juoda → joi. Say myyn → myin a few times so the shortening feels automatic — the doubled *myyi is the classic learner error.

Perfect, conditional, imperative

Compound tenses use olla + myynyt (plural myyneet). The conditional myisi also shortens the vowel (myy- + -isi- → myisi). The imperative myy! is the everyday form of ads and instructions.

PersonPerfectConditionalImperative
minäolen myynytmyisin
sinäolet myynytmyisitmyy!
hänon myynytmyisimyyköön (formal)
meolemme myyneetmyisimmemyykäämme (formal)
teolette myyneetmyisittemyykää
heovat myyneetmyisivätmyykööt (formal)

Myisin mökin heti, jos saisin siitä kunnon hinnan.

I'd sell the cottage right away if I got a decent price for it.

Älä myy osakkeitasi paniikissa, kurssi kyllä palautuu.

Don't sell your shares in a panic, the price will recover.

Passive

TenseAffirmativeNegative
presentmyydäänei myydä
pastmyytiinei myyty
perfecton myytyei ole myyty

Torilla myydään tuoreita mansikoita heinäkuun alusta.

At the market they sell fresh strawberries from the start of July.

Rection: buyer, price, and aspect

The buyer → allative (-lle). The person you sell to is marked exactly like a recipient, with the allative, while the thing sold is the object. The frame is myydä jollekulle jotakin.

Myyn sinulle tämän kirjan kymmenellä eurolla.

I'll sell you this book for ten euros.

The price → adessive (-lla). To state what something sells for, Finnish uses the adessive of measure and price: kahdella eurolla ("for two euros"), hyvällä hinnalla ("at a good price").

The object → total or partitive, by aspect. This is where ostaa/myydä pairs live or die. A completed sale takes a total object: myin auton ("I sold the car" — done, it's gone). An ongoing or attempted sale takes the partitive: myyn autoa ("I'm selling the car / trying to sell it" — no result yet).

Myyn autoa, mutta kukaan ei ole vielä tarjonnut tarpeeksi.

I'm selling the car, but nobody has offered enough yet.

Myin auton lopulta naapurille käteisellä.

I finally sold the car to my neighbour in cash.

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The object case tells the buyer whether the deal closed. Myin auton = "I sold the car" (a finished, total transfer). Myin autoa = "I was selling / trying to sell the car" (partitive, no completed sale). English uses tense and context for this; Finnish makes it a case choice on the object.

Two high-frequency idioms round out the verb: myydä loppuun ("to sell out") and olla myytävänä ("to be for sale").

Talo on ollut myytävänä jo puoli vuotta ilman yhtään tarjousta.

The house has been for sale for half a year without a single offer.

Common Mistakes

❌ Hän myyi talon viime kuussa.

Incorrect — the past contracts the vowel: myi, not *myyi.

✅ Hän myi talon viime kuussa.

He sold the house last month.

❌ Myin auto eilen.

Incorrect — a completed object takes the accusative -n: auton.

✅ Myin auton eilen.

I sold the car yesterday.

❌ Myyn sinut vanhan pyöräni.

Incorrect — the buyer takes the allative, not the object case: sinulle.

✅ Myyn sinulle vanhan pyöräni.

I'll sell you my old bike.

❌ Myin sen kymmenen euroa.

Incorrect — the price is adessive: kymmenellä eurolla.

✅ Myin sen kymmenellä eurolla.

I sold it for ten euros.

Key Takeaways

  • Stem myy-, no gradation. 3sg is bare myy; the past contracts to myi / myin (never *myyi).
  • Buyer = allative (myyn sinulle), price = adessive (kymmenellä eurolla), object = total or partitive by aspect.
  • Myin auton (done) vs myin autoa (ongoing) — the object case reports whether the sale closed.
  • Idioms: myydä loppuun ("sell out"), olla myytävänä ("be for sale").

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Related Topics

  • Model Verb Type 2: syödä — Full ConjugationA2The complete paradigm of syödä (to eat), the model for Type 2 -da/-dä verbs: bare-stem 3rd person syö and the contracting past söi.
  • Past of Type 2: söi, joi, sai, veiB2Type 2 long-vowel/diphthong stems contract with the past -i-: saada→sai, syödä→söi, juoda→joi, viedä→vei, plus tehdä→teki, nähdä→näki.
  • Allative -lle: 'onto, to'A1The allative -lle (never harmonizes) means motion onto a surface or, crucially, to a recipient — pöydälle, torille, annan sen äidille, soitan sinulle.
  • Aspect: Telic vs Atelic and the ObjectB2The object case alone marks whether an action was completed: ammuin karhua (shot at) vs ammuin karhun (shot dead), with no change of tense.
  • Cases for Measure, Price and DistanceB2How Finnish marks price, quantity, distance and rate: number + partitive singular (viisi euroa), measure phrases (litra maitoa), and 'per' with the inessive.