The 50 Most Common Verbs — Quick Reference Table

If you learn the fifty verbs on this page, you can carry an enormous share of everyday Dutch conversation. They are the workhorses — zijn, hebben, gaan, komen, doen, zien — and a striking number of them are strong or irregular, which is precisely why they need a reference. This is the one-screen lookup: each row gives you the infinitive, its English meaning, the present hij-form (the trickiest present slot, since it carries the -t and any stem re-spelling), the simple past singular, the past participle, the perfect auxiliary (h = hebben, z = zijn, z/h = either depending on motion), and the class (W = weak, S = strong, M = mixed, I = irregular). Read the verbs you don't know yet straight off the table, then drill the strong ones.

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The fastest filter: if a verb is marked W (weak), you can rebuild its past and participle from the rules and barely need to look it up. The rows worth memorising are the S, M, and I ones — those are unpredictable, and they're disproportionately the most common verbs in the language.

The master table

InfinitiveEnglishPresent (hij)Past (sg.)ParticipleAuxClass
zijnto beiswasgeweestzI
hebbento haveheefthadgehadhI
wordento becomewordtwerdgewordenzS
gaanto gogaatginggegaanzI
komento comekomtkwamgekomenzS
doento dodoetdeedgedaanhI
makento makemaaktmaaktegemaakthW
ziento seezietzaggezienhS
wetento know (a fact)weetwistgewetenhI
kunnencan / be ablekankongekundhI
moetenmust / have tomoetmoestgemoetenhI
willento wantwilwilde / wougewildhI
mogenmay / be allowedmagmochtgemogenhI
zullenshall / will (aux.)zalzouI
zeggento sayzegtzeigezegdhI
gevento givegeeftgafgegevenhS
nemento takeneemtnamgenomenhS
vindento find / thinkvindtvondgevondenhS
denkento thinkdenktdachtgedachthM
krijgento get / receivekrijgtkreeggekregenhS
staanto standstaatstondgestaanhS
zittento sitzitzatgezetenhS
liggento lieligtlaggelegenhS
lopento walklooptliepgelopenz/hS
blijvento stayblijftbleefgeblevenzS
houdento hold / lovehoudthieldgehoudenhS
brengento bringbrengtbrachtgebrachthM
kopento buykooptkochtgekochthM
zoekento look forzoektzochtgezochthM
vragento askvraagtvroeggevraagdhM
etento eateetatgegetenhS
drinkento drinkdrinktdronkgedronkenhS
slapento sleepslaaptsliepgeslapenhS
werkento workwerktwerktegewerkthW
wonento live / residewoontwoondegewoondhW
hetento be calledheetheettegehetenhW
spelento playspeeltspeeldegespeeldhW
lerento learn / teachleertleerdegeleerdhW
kijkento look / watchkijktkeekgekekenhS
luisterento listenluistertluisterdegeluisterdhW
beginnento beginbegintbegonbegonnenzS
gebeurento happengebeurtgebeurdegebeurdzW
lukkento succeedluktluktegeluktzW
helpento helphelpthielpgeholpenhS
sprekento speakspreektsprakgesprokenhS
lezento readleestlasgelezenhS
schrijvento writeschrijftschreefgeschrevenhS
kennento know (be acquainted)kentkendegekendhW
levento be alive / liveleeftleefdegeleefdhW
stervento diesterftstierfgestorvenzS

How to read the trickier columns

The present hij-form is where Dutch spelling rules bite. A doubled vowel in the infinitive shortens to a single one when the syllable closes (maken → hij maakt keeps the long aa, but nemen → hij neemt lengthens to ee); a final -d stem still adds -t (worden → hij wordt, vinden → hij vindt); and a stem already ending in -t takes no second one (weten → hij weet, eten → hij eet, zitten → hij zit).

Hij wordt volgend jaar veertig.

He turns forty next year. — 'wordt' = stem 'word' + -t, a dt-case.

Wat vind jij van het nieuwe plan?

What do you think of the new plan? — vinden also means 'to think/hold an opinion'; note the dropped -t in 'vind jij'.

The auxiliary column matters because Dutch, unlike English, splits the perfect between hebben and zijn. Change-of-state and arrival-at-a-goal verbs take zijn: zijn, worden, gaan, komen, blijven, beginnen, gebeuren, sterven. Motion verbs like lopen and vliegen switch (z/h): zijn with a destination, hebben without.

Wat is er gisteren gebeurd?

What happened yesterday? — gebeuren takes 'zijn': 'is gebeurd'.

Het is me eindelijk gelukt.

I finally managed it. — lukken is impersonal and takes 'zijn'.

We zijn de hele dag thuisgebleven.

We stayed home all day. — blijven takes 'zijn'.

The class column tells you whether you can trust the rules. W (weak) verbs you can rebuild: werken → werkte → gewerkt. S, M, I you must memorise — and notice how many of the top twenty fall into those categories. That imbalance is exactly why a frequency-ordered list is dominated by irregulars.

Ik heb hem gisteren nog gesproken.

I spoke with him just yesterday. — spreken is strong: 'sprak / gesproken'.

Ze hield het cadeau achter haar rug verborgen.

She kept the present hidden behind her back. — houden is strong: 'hield / gehouden'.

What to learn first

Even within these fifty, some pull far more weight than others. A sensible order of attack:

  1. The two auxiliaries — zijn and hebben. Every perfect tense runs through them, so nothing else works until these are automatic. Note that they are irregular in opposite directions: zijn has was/waren and the zijn-perfect is geweest, while hebben has the tidy had/gehad.
  2. The modals and zullenkunnen, moeten, willen, mogen, zullen. They appear in a huge proportion of sentences, they are all irregular, and they trigger the bare-infinitive perfect (IPP). Drill kan/kon, moet/moest, wil/wou, mag/mocht, zal/zou as fixed pairs.
  3. The high-frequency strong and irregular verbs — gaan, komen, doen, zien, geven, nemen, staan, zitten, liggen. Most are short, all are unpredictable, and you will reach for them constantly. Several (gaan, komen) take zijn.
  4. The mixed verbs — denken, brengen, kopen, zoeken, vragen. These look like they should be weak but hide a vowel change plus a dental: dacht, bracht, kocht, zocht, vroeg.

The remaining weak verbsmaken, werken, wonen, spelen, leren, luisteren, kennen — you can leave to the rules. Once you know that weak verbs build stem + -te/-de and ge- + stem + -t/-d, you never need to look them up again, which is exactly why a reference table earns its keep on the irregular minority.

Ik moet morgen vroeg op, dus ik ga zo naar bed.

I have to get up early tomorrow, so I'm off to bed soon. — moeten + gaan, two of the highest-priority verbs.

Heb je gezien wat hij voor haar heeft gedaan?

Did you see what he did for her? — zien + doen, both strong/irregular and very frequent.

Common Mistakes

❌ Hij heeft gisteren een nieuwe fiets gekoopt.

Incorrect — kopen is mixed: the participle is 'gekocht', not the weak-looking 'gekoopt'.

✅ Hij heeft gisteren een nieuwe fiets gekocht.

He bought a new bike yesterday. (Regularising a strong/mixed verb is the single most common error.)

❌ Ik heb naar de winkel gegaan.

Incorrect auxiliary — gaan is a motion-to-a-goal verb and takes 'zijn'.

✅ Ik ben naar de winkel gegaan.

I went to the shop. (zijn vs hebben: change-of-state and goal-directed motion take zijn.)

❌ Ze zegde dat ze later zou komen.

Incorrect — zeggen is irregular; the past is 'zei', not 'zegde'.

✅ Ze zei dat ze later zou komen.

She said she'd come later.

Key Takeaways

  • The fifty most common verbs are dominated by strong and irregular forms — which is why they reward memorisation more than any other group.
  • The present hij-form triggers vowel re-spelling and the dt-rule; check it whenever you're unsure (wordt, vindt, weet, zit).
  • The auxiliary is zijn for change-of-state and goal-directed motion (zijn, worden, gaan, komen, blijven, beginnen, gebeuren, lukken, sterven), and hebben for nearly everything else; lopen switches.
  • Trust the rules for weak verbs; memorise the S/M/I rows. The two recurring traps are regularising a strong verb and choosing the wrong auxiliary.

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Related Topics

  • Verb Reference: How to Use These TablesA2A guide to reading the verb-reference pages: what each conjugation table shows (present, simple past, perfect with its auxiliary, participle), how strong/weak/mixed verbs are labelled, why the auxiliary is flagged, and which verbs to master first.
  • Strong and Irregular Verbs: Master Reference TableB2A single scannable reference table of the most common Dutch strong, irregular, and mixed verbs — infinitive, simple past (singular and plural), past participle, auxiliary, and English — grouped by ablaut pattern so the regularities behind the irregulars become visible.
  • Strong Verbs: Vowel Change in the PastB1How Dutch strong verbs form the simple past by changing the stem vowel, and how their past participle ends in -en — including the singular/plural vowel split that most resources leave out.
  • Hebben or Zijn in the PerfectB1Most Dutch verbs build the perfect with hebben, but verbs of change of state or location — and motion verbs once a destination is named — switch to zijn, following a deep telicity logic English has no equivalent for.
  • Weten, Kunnen, Mogen — Irregular SummaryA2A combined reference for three high-frequency irregular verbs: weten ('to know a fact'), kunnen ('can / be able'), and mogen ('may / be allowed') — full present paradigms, simple past, participles, and the infinitive-instead-of-participle (IPP) construction the two modals use in the perfect.