Queixar-se means “to complain” or “to express pain or dissatisfaction.” It is a regular first-conjugation verb, but it is inherently pronominal in this meaning: em queixo, et queixes, es queixa. The clitic does not mean that the complainer literally acts on themself; it is part of the verb's lexical pattern. Omitting it produces neither the ordinary Catalan verb for “complain” nor a more concise style.
The complaint normally follows de—queixar-se del soroll—and an understood de-complement is replaced by en—queixar-se'n. A recipient or institution can be added independently: queixar-se al responsable del soroll. English “complain about/to,” Spanish quejarse de/a and Catalan often line up, but relying on that resemblance obscures the clitic order and encourages Spanish-shaped forms.
The broader reason these pronouns behave this way is developed under pronominal verbs; this page concentrates on the complete paradigm and complement structure of queixar-se itself.
Principal parts and nonfinite forms
The verb keeps the stem queix- in every tense. The letters eix belong to that lexical stem: unlike an incoative verb, queixar-se does not add or remove an -eix- extension in selected present-tense cells.
| Form | Pronominal form | Perfect form |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | queixar-se | haver-se queixat |
| Gerund | queixant-se | havent-se queixat |
| Participle | queixat | — |
With a specified person, the enclitic changes: queixar-me, queixar-te, queixar-nos; queixant-vos. Compound tenses place the clitic before haver: m'he queixat. The participle remains invariant in a compound—elles s'han queixat—but can agree as an adjective in a different construction: una clienta queixosa is more idiomatic than treating queixada as the ordinary adjective.
Indicative: simple and periphrastic tenses
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | em queixo | et queixes | es queixa | ens queixem | us queixeu | es queixen |
| Imperfect | em queixava | et queixaves | es queixava | ens queixàvem | us queixàveu | es queixaven |
| Periphrastic past | em vaig queixar | et vas queixar | es va queixar | ens vam queixar | us vau queixar | es van queixar |
| Simple past | em queixí | et queixares | es queixà | ens queixàrem | us queixàreu | es queixaren |
| Future | em queixaré | et queixaràs | es queixarà | ens queixarem | us queixareu | es queixaran |
| Conditional | em queixaria | et queixaries | es queixaria | ens queixaríem | us queixaríeu | es queixarien |
The periphrastic past is the everyday narrative form. Em vaig queixar and vaig queixar-me are both standard placements. The synthetic past is mainly (formal/literary) and also survives in ordinary speech in parts of the Balearic and Valencian domains (regional).
Els veïns es queixen del brunzit de l'ascensor durant la nit.
The neighbors complain about the elevator's humming at night.
Abans et queixaves del trajecte, però ara hi vas encantat.
You used to complain about the journey, but now you're happy to go there.
Dilluns em vaig queixar al servei d'atenció al client del doble cobrament.
On Monday I complained to customer service about the duplicate charge.
Si tornen a cancel·lar el tren, ens queixarem formalment a l'operadora.
If they cancel the train again, we'll make a formal complaint to the operator.
Indicative: compound tenses
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present perfect | m'he queixat | t'has queixat | s'ha queixat | ens hem queixat | us heu queixat | s'han queixat |
| Pluperfect | m'havia queixat | t'havies queixat | s'havia queixat | ens havíem queixat | us havíeu queixat | s'havien queixat |
| Past anterior | m'haguí queixat | t'hagueres queixat | s'hagué queixat | ens haguérem queixat | us haguéreu queixat | s'hagueren queixat |
| Future perfect | m'hauré queixat | t'hauràs queixat | s'haurà queixat | ens haurem queixat | us haureu queixat | s'hauran queixat |
| Conditional perfect | m'hauria queixat | t'hauries queixat | s'hauria queixat | ens hauríem queixat | us hauríeu queixat | s'haurien queixat |
The past anterior is (formal/literary); a periphrastic anterior (em vaig haver queixat...) is possible but rare. In normal narration, the pluperfect supplies the earlier-past relation without sounding ceremonious.
Ja me n'he queixat tres vegades i encara no han corregit la factura.
I've already complained about it three times, and they still haven't corrected the bill.
La pacient s'havia queixat d'un dolor punxant abans de perdre el coneixement.
The patient had complained of a stabbing pain before losing consciousness.
Subjunctive: simple and compound forms
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | em queixi | et queixis | es queixi | ens queixem | us queixeu | es queixin |
| Imperfect | em queixés | et queixessis | es queixés | ens queixéssim | us queixéssiu | es queixessin |
| Present perfect | m'hagi queixat | t'hagis queixat | s'hagi queixat | ens hàgim queixat | us hàgiu queixat | s'hagin queixat |
| Pluperfect | m'hagués queixat | t'haguessis queixat | s'hagués queixat | ens haguéssim queixat | us haguéssiu queixat | s'haguessin queixat |
The periphrastic subjunctive past is em vagi queixar, et vagis queixar, es vagi queixar, ens vàgim queixar, us vàgiu queixar, es vagin queixar. The corresponding anterior uses haver queixat. (Regional: Valencian) standard present forms include em queixe, et queixes, es queixe..., while the imperfect in -ara (em queixara...) is also standard in Valencian.
No m'estranya que us queixeu: portem quaranta minuts esperant.
I'm not surprised that you're complaining: we've been waiting for forty minutes.
Encara que s'haguessin queixat abans, la incidència no s'hauria resolt avui.
Even if they had complained earlier, the incident wouldn't have been resolved today.
Imperative
| Addressee | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| tu | queixa't | no et queixis |
| vostè | queixi's | no es queixi |
| nosaltres | queixem-nos | no ens queixem |
| vosaltres | queixeu-vos | no us queixeu |
| vostès | queixin-se | no es queixin |
An affirmative imperative attaches the reflexive pronoun; a negative one places it before the verb. Add en only when it stands for a grievance: queixa-te'n al responsable; no te'n queixis si no vols canviar-ho. The courteous vostè series is (formal) as a mode of address.
Queixa-te'n per escrit i adjunta-hi una còpia del rebut.
Complain about it in writing and attach a copy of the receipt.
No us queixeu de la calor amb les finestres tancades.
Don't complain about the heat with the windows closed.
Governing the grievance and the recipient
The ordinary grievance is de + noun/infinitive: queixar-se de la música; queixar-se d'haver rebut poca informació. With a finite que-clause, careful standard prose normally omits de or recasts the phrase with del fet que: Es queixen que el servei és lent; es queixen del fet que el servei sigui lent. The mood changes because queixar-se que can assert the complaint's content, while queixar-se del fet que often presents that fact as already established.
If the grievance is recoverable, use en: Tothom es queixa dels horaris → Tothom se'n queixa. Do not retain both en and the full de-phrase. A recipient introduced by a remains possible beside it: Se'n va queixar a la coordinadora. In more institutional (formal) prose, presentar una queixa davant de l'organisme often sounds more precise than loading every role onto queixar-se.
Common Mistakes
❌ Els passatgers queixen del retard.
Incorrect—queixar-se is inherently pronominal in the meaning ‘complain.’
✅ Els passatgers es queixen del retard.
The passengers complain about the delay.
❌ Em queixo el soroll de la terrassa.
Incorrect—the grievance requires de.
✅ Em queixo del soroll de la terrassa.
I'm complaining about the noise from the terrace.
❌ Se'n queixa de les cues cada matí.
Incorrect in this reading—en already replaces de les cues.
✅ Es queixa de les cues cada matí.
She complains about the lines every morning.
❌ No te queixis si no has llegit les condicions.
Incorrect—the second-person clitic is et before the verb.
✅ No et queixis si no has llegit les condicions.
Don't complain if you haven't read the terms.
❌ Demà em queixaré de que no han contestat.
Incorrect in careful standard Catalan—avoid de directly before finite que.
✅ Demà em queixaré del fet que no han contestat.
Tomorrow I'll complain that they haven't replied.
Key Takeaways
Queixar-se is morphologically regular—em queixo, em queixava, em vaig queixar, em queixaré, em queixi, em queixés, m'he queixat—but lexically pronominal. A grievance normally follows de and becomes en when understood; a recipient is a separate dependent. Preserve the clitic through every tense, use haver for compound forms, and resist both Spanish-shaped spelling and duplicate en + de-complements.
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