To 'Not Have'
When we don't want to have or do anything it is
A - the Personal marker
which changes.
Do you remember the word for 'is not' - si ?
This 'si' now takes care of the first person sg. For all the others we just add 'h' in sg and 'ha' in plural.
| Si-na | I don't have |
| H-u-na | You don't have |
| H-a-na | He/she doesn't have |
| Ha-tu-na | We don't have |
| Ha-m-na | You (pl) don't have |
| Ha-wa-na | They don't have |
Let's look at the positive and negative forms once more together:
| Ni-na | I have | Si-na | I don't have |
| U-na | You have | H-u-na | You don't have |
| A-na | He/she has | H-a-na | He/she doesn't have |
| Tu-na | We have | Ha-tu-na | We don't have |
| M-na | You (pl) have | Ha-m-na | You (pl) don't have |
| Wa-na | They have | Ha-wa-na | They don't have |
Remember Hatuna matata - We don't have problems. ?
Sina watoto. - I don't have children.
Mhandisi huyu hana wapishi. - This engineer doesn't have cooks.
Mvuvi yule hana samaki. - That fisherman doesn't have fish.
Wakulima wale hawana paka. - Those farmers don't have cats.
Mvulana huyu hana mbwa wangu. - This boy doesn't have my dog.
Hatuna dada. - We don't have a sister.
Hawana kaka. - They don't have a brother.
Hamna ndege. - You don't have birds.
Let me make one thing clear from the beginning, so to avoid confusion in the future:
All these verbforms remain the same, since they are conjugated, except for two forms and their negations.
- ana - hana - he/she has/doesn't have
- wana - hawana they have have/ don't have
The 3rd person forms could be used for all kind of things, which we didn't have yet, because we didn't treat yet other word classes. If we wanted to say e.g. The house has windows. 'The house' would be 3rd sg, yet the word 'house' is not part of the M/Wa class, but of the N/N class and therefore ana would change to ina and hana to zina etc. You don't need to know this now. The only thing I want you to understand is, that the third person markers depend on and change according to the word class of their subject.
On this happy note, off to practise !